Cartilage degeneration

Osteoarthritis is a joint disease that affects more than 20million people in the United States and is characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, which ultimately leads to complete loss of cartilage tissue at the joint surface. For professional athletes and those over the age of 65, osteoarthritis is one of the most frequent causes of physical disability [130]. Due to the very limited capacity for cartilage... 

Yudoh K, Shishido K, Murayama H, Yano M, Matsubayashi K, Takada H, et al. Water-soluble c60 fullerene prevents degeneration of articular cartilage in Osteoarthritis via down-regulation of chondrocyte catabolic activity and inhibition of cartilage degeneration during disease development. Arthritis Rheum 2007 56 3307-18. 

Jackson, D.W., T.M. Simon, and IT.M. Aberman, Symptomatic articular cartilage degeneration The impact in the new millennium. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2001 Oct 391 Suppl S14-25. 

Salmlnen, H. et al.. Up-regulation of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein at the onset of articular cartilage degeneration in a transgenic mouse model of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum, 2000.43(8) 1742-8. 

Chondroprotective effects CS exhibit chondroprotective effects through three main mechanisms-slimulation of ECM production by chondrocytes, suppression of inflammatory mediators, and inhibiting cartilage degeneration. Thus, CS plays a key role in the treatment of osteoarthritis. It also exhibits bone regeneration effects. 

Buckwalter, J.A., Mankin, H.J., 1998. Articular cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis, repair, regeneration, and transplantation. Instructional Course Lectures 47,487-504. 

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