Cartilage destruction

Goldring SR. Pathogenesis of bone and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003 42(Suppl 2) iil 1—6. 

Koenders MI, Rolls JR, Oppers-Walgreen B, van den Bersselaar L, Joosten LA, Schurr JR, Schwarzenberger P, van den Berg WB, Lubberts E Interleukin-17 receptor deficiency results in impaired synovial expression of interleukin-1 and matrix metalloproteinases 3, 9, and 13 and prevents cartilage destruction during chronic reactivated streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2005 52 3239-3247. 

Andreas, K, et al. (2008) Key regulatory molecules of cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis an in vitro study. Arthritis Res Ther. 10, R9. 

Van den Berg, W. B. (1998). Joint inflammation and cartilage destruction may occur uncoupled. Springer Semin. Immunopathol. 20, 149—164. 

The most well characterized of the p38 kinases, the final MAPK phosphorelay pathway, is p38a, which is expressed by most cells and regulates the expression of many cytokines. Interleukin 1, IL-1, a product of inflammatory cells, has been implicated in modulating the response to mechanical loading in a number of tissues. IL-1 is a product of inflammatory cells thought to be involved in cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis and in bone resorption associated with total joint implant failure. 

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the joints and cartilage destruction. Several studies discussed above have demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential of GLA-containing oils. These studies suggest that GLA-rich oils can be used to treat inflammatory conditions. 

In a murine model of inflammatory arthritis mast cell-deficient mice developed similar acute and chronic inflammatory response to antigen as their normal littermates, but ultimately developed less cartilage destruction, suggesting mast cells may play a role later in the disease process (van den Broek et al., 1988). 

Lubberts E, Koenders MI, Oppers-Walgreen B, van den Bersselaar L, Coenen-de Roo CJ, Joosten LA, van den Berg WB (2004) Treatment with a neutralizing anti-murine interleukin-17 antibody after the onset of collagen-induced arthritis reduces joint inflammation, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion. Arthritis Rheum 50 650-659... 

Chu, C. Q., Field, M., Allard, S., Abney, E., Feldmann, M., and Maini, R. N. (1992) Detection of cytokines at the cartilage/parmus jimction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis implications for the role of cytokines in cartilage destruction and repair. Br. J. Rheumatol 31,653-661. 

In general, there are three main symptoms in which led to wrist deformation-cartilage destruction, synovial proliferation and ligamentous laxity [3-4]. The laxity of the ligaments due to stretching action caused by synovial expansion, resulting the instability of the wrist. As stated by Metz et al., wrist affected with Rheumatoid Arthritis was... 

---