Sesame seed

Several other naturally occurring antioxidants have been identified in oils. Sesamol [533-31-3] (6) occurs as sesamoline [526-07-8], a glycoside, in sesame seed oil. FemUc acid [1135-24-6] (7) is found esterified to cycloartenol [469-38-5] in rice bran oil and to 3-sitosterol in com oil. Although it does not occur in oils, rosemary extract has also been found to contain powerful phenoHc antioxidants (12). 

In 1991, vanilla beans were the highest valued spice import, with shipments totaling 69.0 million, followed by black and white pepper at 60.6 million, capsicum peppers and paprika at 42.6 million, sesame seed at 40.6 million, and cassia and cinnamon at 27.8 million. The most expensive spices, on a unit value basis, include saffron, 1116/kg average New York spot vanilla beans, 80.50/kg for Bourbon beans from Madagascar, Comoros, and Reunion, and 22.05/kg for Java beans and cardamom, 38.54/kg for grade AA bleached Indian and 3.88/kg for Guatemalan mixed greens. 

Sesame Seed (Benne, Benni, Bene Seed). Sesame seed is the whole dried seed of Sesamum indicum L. (PedaUaceae), an annual plant now cultivated in Mexico and Central America, although indigenous to Indonesia and tropical Africa. It may be the oldest condiment known. The seed is small, shiny, and oval shaped, about 0.32 cm long. The unhuUed seeds are dark and the hulled seeds are pearly white. Sesame seeds, when baked, have a pleasant, roasted, nutty flavor. They are used in baked goods and in confections, eg, halvah. 

A wide number of proteia sources are available for use ia dairy substitutes. These iaclude animal proteias, ie, skim milk ia Hquid, coadeased, or dry form (filled products) caseia, caseiaates, and coprecipitates whey proteias oil-seed proteias, fish proteias and blood proteias. Oil-seed proteia sources iaclude soybean proteia coaceatrates and isolates, groundnut proteia, cottoaseed proteia, and sunflower seed, rapeseed, coconut, and sesame seed proteias (see Soybeans AND other oil seed). Other sources are leaf and single-cell proteias (see Foods, nonconventional). Of these proteia sources, milk and soybean proteias are most widely used. Proteia usage is based oa economics, flavor, fuactioaahty, and availabiUty. 

Sesam, m. sesame, -knorpel, m. sesamoid cartilage. -kuchen, m. sesame (oil) cake, -ol, n. sesame oil. -saat, /. sesame seed. Sesquiozyd, n. sesquioxide. 

YOSHIDA H, shigezaki J, TAKAGi s and KAJIMOTO G (1995) Variations in the composition of various acyl lipids, tocopherols and lignans in sesame seed oils roasted in a microwave oven , J Sci Food Agric, 68 (4) 407-16. 

Beans, oil plants Soybean (dry), azuM bean (dry), pea (dry), broad bean (dry), rapeseed, sesame seed, safflower... 

Alternatively, ground pulses, sesame seeds, fat (either ghee or sesame seed paste) and honey are used. The product could be flavoured by... 

Poppy seeds and sesame seeds are sometimes added by applying them to the outside of the boiled bagel before baking. Other flavourings, e.g. onion, are mixed in to the dough. 

For fluphenazine decanoate, an esterified formulation in sesame seed oil, the simplest conversion is the Stimmel method, which uses 1.2 times the oral daily dose for stabilized patients, rounding up to the nearest 12.5-mg interval, administered IM in weekly doses for the first 4 to 6 weeks (1.6 times the oral daily dose for patients who are more acutely ill). Subsequently, fluphenazine decanoate may be administered once every 2 to 3 weeks. Oral fluphenazine may be overlapped for 1 week. 

Kanny, G., De Hauteclocque, C. and Moneret-Vautrin, D.A., Sesame seed and sesame seed oil contain masked allergens of growing importance. Allergy, 51, 952, 1996. 

Cottonseed, peanut, sesame seed, and soybean flours, when used as supplements, add to the quality of the protein. The improvement of protein quality was due to the flours compensating for limiting amino acids. Supplementation using various flours improved total protein, amino acid content and some physical characteristics in akamu, yeast bread and sugar cookies. 

Cereal flour, buckwheat flour, soy flour, seafood allergens, pork, sesame seeds, sunflower seeds, lupin, spinach, sarsaparilla root dust, cocoa, coffee dusts, green tea, egg protein, lactalbumin, milk powder, casein, honey, a-amylase, glucoamylase, pectinase, gluconase, pepsin, pectin, spices, carmine, flavorings... 

Keskinen, H., Ostman, P., Vaheri, E., Tarvainen, K., Grenquist-Norden, G., Karppinen, O., and Nordman, H. (1991). A case of occupational asthma, rhinitis and urticaria due to sesame seed. Clin. Exp. Allergy 21, 623-624. 

Source Furfuryl occurs naturally in yarrow, licorice, sesame seeds, clove flowers, and tea leaves (Duke, 1992). Also detected in barrel-aged red, white, and model wines. Concentrations ranged from 3.5 mg/L in white wine after 55 wk of aging to 9.6 mg/L after 11 wk of aging (Spillman et ah, 1998). Identified as one of 140 volatile constituents in used soybean oils collected from a processing plant that fried various beef, chicken, and veal products (Takeoka et al, 1996). 

This procedure is used in the pharmacopoeial assays of castor oil, cod liver oil, cotton seed oil, almond oil and sesame seed oil. 

Anaphylactic response. Seed oil, administered periodontally to adults, was effective. A 46-year-old male developed recurrent reaction to sesame seed oil. The symptoms were chills, shakiness, cramps, vomiting, fecal incontinence, fainting, flushing, and pruritic welts. Skin test revealed a four-plus multitest response and a marginally positive rast. Significant histamine release was also... 

Apoptosis induction. The exposure of human lymphoid leukemia Molt 4B cells to sesamolin, a component of sesame seed, produced growth inhibition and the induction of apoptosis " ". 

Quil-A saponin toxicity. Mice fed Quil-A-supplemented diet (a saponin that emulsifies fats and potentiates the immune responses) showed higher level of docosa-pentaenoic acid in the liver. These changes were associated with a significant reduction in the plasma PGEl and PGE2 and thrombohane-B2 levels in response to an intraperitoneal injection of a lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, LDjf, 20 mg/ kg. The data suggest that sesame seed oil and Quil A, when present in the diet, exerted cumulative effects that resulted in a decrease in the levels of dienoic eicosanoids with a reduction in lL-1 P and a con-commitant elevation in the levels of lL-10 that were associated with a marked increase survival in mice . ... 

Effect of sesame seeds rich in sesamin and sesamolin on fatty acid oxidation... 

Okinaka, and A. A. Franke. Effect of dietary sesame seeds on plasma tocopherol levels. Nutr Cane 2001 39(1) ... 

Miyahara, Y., H. Hibasami, H. Kat-suzaki, K. Imai, and T. Komiya. Sesamolin from sesame seed inhibits proliferation by inducing apoptosis in human lymphoid leukemia Molt 4B cells. IntJMolMed 2001 7(4) 369-371. 

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