Osteoarthritic cartilage

Fenwick SA, Gregg PJ, Rooney P. Osteoarthritic cartilage loses its ability to remain avascular. Osteoarthr Cartil 1999 7 441 452. 

Several authors use human cartilage from joint replacement surgery (e.g. Pelletier et al. 1989 Pelletier andMartel-Pelletier 1989), and some compare drug effects upon visually normal cartilage to those with fib-rillated or osteoarthritic cartilage (Lafeber et al. 1992, 1993 Verbruggen et al. 1989,1990). 

Lafeber FPG, van Roy H, Wilbrink B et al. (1992) Human osteoarthritic cartilage is synthetically more active but in culture less vital than normal cartilage. J Rheumatol 19 123-129... 

Pelletier JP, Cloutier JM, Martel-Pelletier J (1989) In vitro effects of tiaprofenic acid, sodium salicylate and hydrocortisone on the proteoglycan metabolism of human osteoarthritic cartilage. J Rheumatol 16 646-655 Steinmeyer J, Daufeldt S, Taiwo YO (1998) Pharmacological effect of tetracyclines on proteoglycanases from interleukin-l-treated articular cartilage. Biochem Pharmacol 55 93-100... 

Yu LP Jr., Smith GN Jr., Hasty KA, Brandt KD. Doxycycline inhibits type XI coUagenolytic activity of extracts from hnman osteoarthritic cartilage and of gelati-nase. J Rhenmatol 1991 18(10) 1450-2. 

Smith GN Jr, Yu LP Jr, Brandt KD, et al. Oral administration of doxycy-cline reduces collagenase and gelatinase activities in extracts of human osteoarthritic cartilage. J Rheumatol 1998 25 532-535. 

Chondrocytes, the only cell type found in normal mature articular cartilage, are responsible for the maintenance and repair of this tissue, which happens to be the site of pathologic matrix remodeling and degradation in arthritis [51]. Indeed, chondrocyte apoptosis is a feature of osteoarthritic cartilage and is closely associated with extracellular matrix degradation. Fibrillated cartilage from osteoarthritic joints has been found to contain apoptotic cells in both the superficial and mid zones. In... 

Welghtman, et al. have concluded that fibrillation, the earliest changes in osteoarthritic cartilage visible to the naked eye, can result from fatigue failure (28). The phenomena observed here are consistent with their observations. It would seem that the extents of flssuring varies with the frequency, duration, and magnitudes of the pressure cycles. Clearly both fatigue and adhesive mechanisms were operative under these conditions. 

Compared with normal human articular cartilage, osteoarthritic cartilage shows a significant reduction of dermatan sulphate, chondroitin 6-sulphate, keratan sulphate, and heparan sulphate. The content of glycoprotein also appeared to be reduced. The levels of chondroitin 4-sulphate, keratan sulphate. 

Curtis, CL, Rees, SC, Little, CB, Flannery, CR, Hughes, CE, Wilson, C, Dent, CM, Ottemess, IG, Harwood, JL and Caterson, B (2002) Pathologic indicators of degradation and inflammation in human osteoarthritic cartilage are abrogated by exposure to n-3 fatty acids. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 46, 1544—1553. 

Pujol, J.-R, Chadjichristos, C., Legendre, F. et al. 2008. Interleukin-1 and transforming growth factor-ss 1 as crucial factors in osteoarthritic cartilage metabolism. Connective Tissue Research, 49,293-297. 

Di Cesare, P.E. et al.. Increased degradation and altered tissue distribution of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in human rheumatoid and osteoarthritic cartilage./OrthopRes, 1996.14(6) 946-55. 

Grassi W, Tittarelli E, Pirani O et al (1993). Ultrasound examination of metacarpophalangeal joints in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 22 243-247 Grassi W, Lamanna G, Farina A et al (1999) Sonographic imaging of normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. Semin Arthritis Rheum 28 398-403... 

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