Shock absorber

Shirakawa techmqi Shirlan Shirley Non-Lint AnalyZ Shi take mushroom Shock absorbers Shock absorption Shocking Shockley defects Shock treatment Shock tubes Shock waves Shoe components Shoe products Shoes... 

Eoamed polystyrene sheet has exceUent strength, thermal resistance, formabUity, and shock resistance, as weU as low density. It is widely known for its use in beverage cups, food containers, building insulation panels, and shock absorbent packaging. Polystyrene products can be recycled if suitable coUection methods are estabUshed. Eoamed polystyrene sheet can also be easily therm oformed (see Styrene plastics). 

Electrorheological Fluids. Electrorheological fluids are a newer category of hydrauhc fluids being actively pursued for use in shock absorbers. An electric field causes the fluid to thicken. 

Other more recent examples of recreational surfaces or components are artificial turf variations for golf tee mats and croquet, permanent resident base layers replacing asphalt or asphalt and shock-absorbing underpad in artificial turf field instadations, and sand-fided turf... 

These grass-like and resident instadations require substantial amounts of synthetic materials. A typical sports field covered with artificial turf requires approximately 15,000 kg of fabric, 15,000—30,000 kg of shock-absorbing underpad, and 5,000—10,000 kg of adhesive and seaming materials. The artificial surface for a 0.40-km miming track may require 50,000—70,000 kg of materials. Paint striping and marking of turf, tracks, and courts cad for additional materials. 

Impact Properties. Artificial playing surfaces for moderate to heavy use must provide shock absorbency for player comfort and safety. This is achieved by iacorporation of a resiUent layer, usually a shock-absorbiag underpad. 

A grass-like recreational surface system includes the top material directly available for use and observation, backing materials that serve to hold together or reinforce the system, fabric-backing finish, a shock-absorbing underpad system if any, and adhesives (qv) or other joining materials. The system is installed... 

Grass-like surfaces for heavy-duty athletic use usually are glued to or laid over a subbase of asphalt or other permanent foundation material. The shock-absorbing underpad component is in contact with the subbase layer, and the turf component is placed on top of the underpad. Turf panels are fastened together by sewing or gluing, and the entire perimeter of the grass-like surface is securely anchored to the subbase. 

Explosives Shock-absorbing containers Varies Temperature control special container markings... 

The fluids are also used in shock absorbers, hydraulic fluids, dashpots and other damping systems designed for high-temperature operation. 

Polyurethanes. This material is available in three forms - rigid foam, flexible foam and elastomer. They are characterised by high strength and good chemical and abrasion resistance. The rigid foam is widely used as an insulation material, the flexible foam is an excellent cushion material for furniture and the elastomeric material is used in solid tyres and shock absorbers. 

Elame arresters for chemical process equipment and flammable liquid containers have been available for over 120 years. A US patent was issued as early as 1878 for a spark-arrester (Allonas 1878), while another spark-arrester was patented in 1880 (Stewart 1880). Numerous US patents have been issued for various designs of flame arresters, with one as recent as 1995 (Ronssakis and Brooker 1995). In Germany, patents were issued in 1929 and 1939 for flame arresters that contained shock absorber internals upstream of the flame arrester elements. This innovation made them suitable as detonation arresters (Wanben 1999). 

FIGURE 3-5. Protego detonation flame arrester with shock absorber. (Source Protego/ Braunschweiger Flammenfilter GmbH)... 

NAO has successfully tested hydraulic flame arrester designs for detonations of hydrogen and oxygen (Mendoza 1999). The NAO hydraulic arresters also have an internal detonation inhibitor (shock absorber) upstream of the gas exit nozzle. See the article by Overhoff et al. (1989) for discussion of shock effects in hydraulic flame arresters. 

Detonation Momentum Attenuator A mechanical device inside of a detonation flame arrester whose pnrpose is to rednce both the high pressnre and the dynamic energy of a detonation and to split the flame front before it reaches the actnal flame arrester element, thns avoiding stmctnral damage to the element. (This device is also called a shock absorber device by some mannfactnrers.)... 

Shock Absorber Device See Detonation Momentum Attenuator. 

A range of preparative and semipreparative soft gel systems with an improved mechanical stability and thus the chance to run them with increased flow rates were tested for their potential on the separation of starch glucans. For each of these systems a Sephacryl S-200 precolumn proved to be a perfect shock absorber for sample application, improved reproducibility of separations, and increased lifetime of soft gel systems. 

Figure 12.30 Potential uses of polyphosphazenes (a) A thin film of a poly(aminophosphazene) sueh materials are of interest for biomedical applications, (b) Fibres of poly[bis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene] these fibres are water-repellant, resistant to hydrolysis or strong sunlight, and do not burn, (c) Cotton cloth treated with a poly(fluoroalkoxyphosphazene) showing the water repellaney eonferred by the phosphazene. (d) Polyphosphazene elastomers are now being manufaetured for use in fuel lines, gaskets, O-rings, shock absorbers, and carburettor eomponents they are impervious to oils and fuels, do not bum, and remain flexible at very low temperatures. Photographs by eourtesy of H. R. Allcock (Pennsylvania State University) and the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company.

Stoss, m. impulse, thrust, push, blow, stroke impact, collision, percussion, shock, jolt, blimp recoil pile, heap, (of papers) file joint blast (of a horn), stossartig, a. jolting, jerky, intermittent. Stossbutter, /. farm butter, stossdlimpfend, a. shock-absorbing, cushioning. Stoss ddmpfer, m. shock absorber dash pot. -dauer, /. duration of collision, of impact, etc. (see Stoss). 

Stossel, m. pestle stamper, rammer tappet, stossempfindlich, a. sensitive to shock, stossen, v.t. push, thrust, hit, knock, ram pound, bray, pulverize join slot. — v.t. thrust, dash, hit (at, against, or upon) (of boiling liquids) bump, knock recoil. Stosser, m. pestle rammer, pounder, knocker. Stossfitnger, m. pressure equalizer, shock absorber. 

Steel Tooth Bit Selection 783. Diamond Bits 789. lADC Fixed Cutter Bit Classification System 801. Downhole Tools 812. Shock Absorbers 813. Jars. Underreamers 819. Stabilizers 823. 

The drill string is defined here as a drill pipe with tool joints and drill collars. The drill stem consists of the drill string and other components of the drilling assembly that includes the kelly, subs, stabilizers, reamers as well as shock absorbers, and junk baskets or drilling jars used in certain drilling conditions. The drill stem (1) transmits power by rotary motion from the surface to a rock bit, (2) conveys drilling fluid to the rock bit, (3) produces the weight on bit for efficient rock destruction by the bit, and (4) provides control of borehole direction. 

Downhole drilling tools are the components of the lower part of a drill string used in normal drilling operations such as the drill bits, drill collars, stabilizers, shock absorbers, hole openers, underreamers, drilling jars as well as a variety of drill stem subs. 

As drill bits, drill collars and drill stem subs are discussed elsewhere this section regards shock absorbers, jars, underreamers, and stabilizers. 

Types of Shock Absorbers. There are eight commonly used commercial shock absorbers. 

Drilco Rubber Type. See Figure 4-169 and Table 4-102 [56]. Shock is absorbed by an elastometer situated between the inner and outer barrels. This shock absorbing element is vulcanized to the barrels. The torque has to be transmitted from the outer into the inner barrel. This tool is able to absorb shocks in axial or in radial directions. There is no need to absorb shocks in the torque because the drill string itself acts like a very good shock absorber so the critical shocks are in axial directions. These tools cannot be used at temperatures above 200°F. Though they produce a small stroke the dampening effect is good [56]. 

Christensen Shock-Eze. See Figure 4-170 [57]. A double-action vibration and shock absorber employing Belleville spring elements are immersed in oil. 

---