Cartilage collagens structure

Butler, W.T. (1970) Chemical Studies on the Cyanogen Bromide Peptides of Rat Skin Collagen. The Covalent Structure of al-CB5, the Major Hexose-containing Cyanogen Bromide Peptide of a V, Biochemistry, 9, 44-50 Butler, W.T., Finch, K.E. Miller, E.J. (1977) Covalent Structure of Cartilage Collagen. Amino Acid Sequence of Residues 363-551 of bovine al (II) Chains , Biochemistry, 16, 4981-90... 

Forsee, W.T., Springfield, J.D. Schutzbach, J.S. (1982) Effects of Phospholipids on al,2-Mannosidase Activity , Journal of Biological Chemistry, 257, 9963-7 Francis, G., Butler, W.T. Finch, J.E. (1978) The Covalent Structure of Cartilage Collagen. Amino Acid Sequence of Residues 552-661 of Bovine al (11) Chains , Biochemical Journal, 175, 921-30... 

Cartilage and bone tissue engineering is especially suitable to be implemented and developed by means of polymer nanofibers used as scaffold material. Indeed, remodeling phenomena in adult bone tissues are driven by the early formation of fibrous collagen structures entrapping and spatially organizing cells, and by the precipitation of calcium salt in these assemblies. These processes are well suited to be effectively mimicked by bio-artificial constructs made by cells colonizing artificially realized nanofiber materials. 

Collagen, the principal fibrous protein in mammalian tissue, has a tertiary structure made up of twisted a-helices. Three polypeptide chains, each of which is a left-handed helix, are twisted into a right-handed super helix to form an extremely strong tertiary structure. It has remarkable tensile strength, which makes it important in the structure of bones, tendons, teeth, and cartilage. 

Hyaluronic acid and collagen are the two main structural components. The collagen is similar to that found in cartilage, consisting of three alpha-chains and known as type II collagen, although subtle differences are now recognized (Swann and Constable, 1972 Swann, 1980). 

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