Cartilage replacement

Compatibility and Mechanical Properties of a Candidate for Articular Cartilage Replacement, Trans, of the 4th Annual Meeting Society of Biomaterials, 1978, 2, 159. ... 

Other biomedical applications of polymers include sustained and controlled drug delivery formulations for implantation, transdermal and trans-cornealuses, intrauterine devices, etc. (6, 7). Major developments have been reported recently on the use of biomaterials for skin replacement (8), reconstruction of vocal cords (9), ophthalmic applications such as therapeutic contact lenses, artificial corneas, intraocular lenses, and vitreous implants (10), craniofacial, maxillofacial, and related replacements in reconstructive surgery (I), and neurostimulating and other electrical-stimulating electrodes (I). Orthopedic applications include artificial tendons (II), prostheses, long bone repair, and articular cartilage replacement (I). Finally, dental materials and implants (12,13) are also often considered as biomaterials. 

Puelacher, W.C., Mooney, D., Langer, R., Upton, J., Vacanti, J.R, and Vananti, C.A., 1994. Design of nasoseptal cartilage replacements sunthesized from biodegradable polymers and chondrocytes. Biomaterials, 15 774—778. 

Swieszkowski et al. studied the use of PVA-C as cartilage replacement for the shoulder joint. PVA-C was used as the articular layer of the glenoid component. The mechanical effects of using this material in the glenoid component were evaluated and a model of the cryogel as a hyperelastic material was developed to allow design modifications to limit contact stress [96]. 

Swieszkowski W, Ku D, Bersee H, Kurzydlowsld K (2006) An elastic material for cartilage replacement in an arthritic shoulder Joint. Biomaterials 27 1534-1541... 

PHA have been studied for medical implants applications such as heart valves, vascular tissues, bone tissues, cartilage replacements, nerve conduits, as well as esophagus tissues. 

Senatov FS, et al. UHMWPE-based nanocomposite as a material for damaged cartilage replacement. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2015 48 566-71. 

Computer-aided tissue engineering is an example of the growing field of biotechnology. This specialty uses computers to assist in the development of artificial scaffolds for the growth of human tissues, such as ear and nose cartilage replacement, and the development of tissue models for artificial replacement of lost tissue. 

Katta Jayanth K., Marcolongo Michele, Lowman Anthony, and Mansmann Kevin A. Friction and wear behavior of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) hydrogels for articular cartilage replacement. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A. 83 no. 2 (2007) 471-479. 

Puelacher W C, Mooney D, Langer R, Upton J, Vacanti J P and Vacanti C A, Design of nasoseptal cartilage replacements synthesized from biodegradable polymers and chrondrocytes , Biomaterials, 1994, 15, 774-8. 

Metiers AT, Anseth KS, Bowman CN. Fundamental studies of biodegradable hydrogels as cartilage replacement materials. Biomed Sci lustrum 1999 35 33-38. 

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