Pressure articular cartilage

In articular cartilage, streaming potentials have been demonstrated by permeation experiments and confined compression experiments [2, 4, 7, 9, 14, 15], In the permeation experiments, a hydrostatic pressure gradient is applied across the sample. The pressure generates a fluid flow and a streaming potential that can be measured [9, 15]. 

It should be emphasized that the lower frictional coefficient of DN-L gel can be observed under a pressure range of W -lO Pa, which is close to the pressure exerted on articular cartilage in synovial joints. The results demonstrate that the linear polyelectrolyte chains are still effective in maintaining lubrication, even under an extremely high normal pressure. 

Ateshian GA, Wang HQ, Lai WM (1998) The role of intestitial fluid pressurization and surface porosities on the boundary friction of articular cartilage. J Tribol 120 241-251... 

The overall structure of articular cartilage is analogous to a jelly-filled balloon. The PG-rich middle zone is osmotically pressurized, with fluid restrained from exiting the tissue by the dense coUagen network of the superficial zone and the calcified structure of the deep bone. The interaction between the mechanical loading forces and osmotic forces yields the complex material properties of articular cartilage. 

Han, E.H., Chen, S.S., Klisch, S.M., Sah, R.L., 2011b. Contribution of proteoglycan osmotic swelling pressure to the compressive properties of articular cartilage. Biophys. J. 101, 916-924. 

Lammi, M. J., R. Inkinen, J. J. Parkkinen et al. 1994. Expression of reduced amounts of structurally altered aggrecan in articular cartilage chondrocytes exposed to high hydrostatic pressure. Biochem J 304 723-30. 

Elder, B. D. and K. A. Athanasiou 2009. Hydrostatic pressure in articular cartilage tissue engineering From chondrocytes to tissue regeneration. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 15(1) 43-53. 

Hu, J. C. and K. A. Athanasiou 2006. The effects of intermittent hydrostatic pressure on self-assembled articular cartilage constructs. Tissue Eng 12(5) 1337-44. 

Jones, 1. L., A. Klamfeldt et al. 1982. The effect of continuous mechanical pressure upon the turnover of articular cartilage proteoglycans in vitro. Clin Orthop Relat Res 165 283-9. 

Parkkinen, J. J., J. Dconen et al. 1993. Effects of cyclic hydrostatic pressure on proteoglycan synthesis in cultured chondrocytes and articular cartilage explants. Arch Biochem Biophys 300(1) 458-65. 

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