Poly cartilage tissue engineering

Lao L, Tan H, Wang Y et al (2008) Chitosan modified poly(l-lactide) microspheres as cell microcarriers for cartilage tissue engineering. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 66 218-225... 

C.-T. Lee, C.-P. Huang, Y.-D. Lee, Biomimetic porous scaffolds made from poly (L-lactide)-g-chondroitin sulfate blend with poly (L-lactide) for cartilage tissue engineering, Biomacromolecules 7 (7) (2006) 2200-2209. 

Dadsetan, M., Szatkowski, J. P., Yaszemski, M. J. Lu, L. C. (2007) Characterization of photo-cross-hnked ohgo[poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate] hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomacromolecules, 8, 1702-1709. 

Wu and co-workers [13] incorporated copolymer poly(3HB-co-3HV) with calcium silicate(s) (CS) to increase the hydrophilicity of the copolymer in order to enhance cell adhesion on scaffolds used for cartilage tissue engineering. Interactions between poly(3HB-co-3HV)/CS composite scaffolds and chondrocytes in vitro and the formation of neocartilage were evaluated after the implantation of scaffolds into rabbits. It was found that the adhesion of chondrocytes onto the scaffolds and cell proliferation improved with the addition of CS. Enhanced penetration of chondrocytes into the scaffolds was observed with the increase in hydrophilicity of the poly(3HB-co-3HV)/CS composite scaffolds. A higher amount of collagen and glycosaminoglycan were detected in the composite scaffold compared with pure poly(3HB-co-3HV), indicating that poly(3HB-co-3HV)/CS composite scaffolds stimulated the extracellular matrix synthesis of chondrocytes. 

Holland, T. A., Tabata, Y, and Mikos, A. G. 2005. Dual growth factor delivery from degradable oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) hydrogel scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Journal of Controlled Release, 101,111-125. 

Martens, P. J., Bryant, S. J., and Anseth, K. S. 2003. Tailoring the degradation of hydrogels formed from multivinyl poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(vinyl alcohol) macromers for cartilage tissue engineering. 

Ye et al. have looked into PHB scaffolds, and worked on the potential of PHB/poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) (PHB/ PHBHHx) to produce neocartilage upon seeding with differentiated human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). The study demonstrated that PHB/ PHBHHx was a suitable material for cartilage tissue engineering. " ... 

Smart biomaterials with stimuh-responsiveness, namely thermosensitive scaffolds, are widely studied for cartilage-tissue engineering. One of the best-known thermo-responsive biopolymers is poly(N-isopropyl aCTylamide) (pNIPAAm), which presents a typical sol-gel transition at approximately 32°C (Prabaharan and Mano, 2006). 

Munirah, S., Kim, S., Ruszymah, B., Khang, G., 2008. The use of fibrin and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) hybrid scaffold for articular cartilage tissue engineering an in vivo analysis. European Cells Materials 15 (41), e52. 

Ma, Z., Gao, C., Gong, Y, Shen, J., 2003. Paraffin spheres as porogen to fabricate poly(L-lactic acid) scaffolds with improved cytocompatibihty for cartilage tissue engineering. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials 67, 610-617. 

Cheng, L., Zhang, S.M., Chen, R, Huang, S., Cao, R.R., Zhou, W., Liu, J., Luo, Q., Gong, H., 2006. Fabrication and characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite/poly (D,L-lactide) composite porous scaffolds for human cartilage tissue engineering. Key Engineering Materials 309, 943-948. 

Schuller-Ravoo, S., Teixeira, S.M., et al., 2013. Flexible and elastic scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering prepared by stereolithography using poly(trimethylene carbonate)-based resins. Macromolecular Bioscience 13(12), 1711-1719. 

M E., and Lowman, A.M. (2011) Design of semi-degradable hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) for cartilage tissue engineering. J. Tissue Eng. Regener. Med., 5, 636-647. 

Bryant, S.J. and Anseth, K.A., The effects of scaffold thickness on tissue engineered cartilage in photocrosslinked poly(ethylene oxide) hydrogels. Biomaterials, 22, 619-626, 2001. 

Elisseeff, J., Anseth, K., Sims, D., McIntosh,W., Randolph, M., Yaremchuk, M., and Langer, R. (1999b) Transdermal photopolymerization of poly (ethylene oxide)-based injectable hydrogels for tissue-engineered cartilage, Plastic Reconstr. Surg., 104,1014-1022. 

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