Cartilage formation

Recently, water-soluble protein fractions, isolated from extracts of bone matrix, were incorporated into a collagen matrix and shown to induce bone (67,68) and cartilage formation both in vitro and in vivo (69,70). In the latter studies, in the absence of the collajgen delivery system, the proteins were incapable of inducing cartilage formation in vivo when implanted intramuscularly into mice. The success of this approach appears to depend on delivering the active agents at an effective dose over an extended time period. 

Gout is a familial metabolic disease characterized by recurrent episodes of acute arthritis due to deposits of monosodium urate in joints and cartilage. Formation of uric acid calculi in the kidneys... 

Crowe R, Zikherman J and Niswander L (1999) Delta-1 negatively regulates the transition from prehypertrophic to hypertrophic chondrocytes during cartilage formation. Development 126 987-998. 

Shibata S, Fukuda K, Suzuki S, Ogawa T and Yamashita Y (2006) An in situ hybridization study of Runx2, Osterix, and Sox9 at the onset of condylar cartilage formation in fetal mouse mandible. J. Anat. 208 169-177. 

Vacant CA et al (1991) Synthetic polymers seeded with chondrocytes provide a template for new cartilage formation. Plast Reconstr Surg 88(5) 753-759... 

OA is primarily a disease of cartilage that reflects a failure of the chondrocyte to maintain proper balance between cartilage formation and destruction. 

Modulates cell proliferation, differentiation, matrix synthesis, apoptosis initiates, promotes, and regulates the development, growth, and remodeling of bone and cartilage Induces bone and cartilage formation plays an important role in cardiac morphogenesis... 

Cartilage, corneal implants, cell delivery, vesicoureteral reflux or reflux esophagitis treatment, bladder cartilage formation, bone, periodontal surgery... 

The size of the cartilage formed in the experimental bioabsorbable implants increased over a period of about 7 weeks after which time it remained stable. The growth appeared histologically to be at the expense of the fibrous tissue initially seen and associated at least temporally with a decrease in neovascularization and resolution of the mild inflammatory response originally noted. There was a decrease in inflammatory response, as evidenced by decreases in the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and giant cells, which correlated with the disappearance of the polymers. Very little evidence of either inflammatory response or polymer remnants were seen after 7 weeks when using bioabsorbable material, while moderate inflammation and minimal cartilage formation was noted in the nonabsorbable implants after this period of time. 

Vacanti CA, Langer R, Schloo B, Vacanti JP. Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers Seeded with Chondrocytes Provide a Template for New Cartilage Formation In Vivo. Plast Reconstr Surg 1991 87 753-9... 

Since cartilage formation is a predominant feature of early (stages 22-29) in vivo limb development [16], whole limbs were used to study the relationdiip of pADPRS activity to chondrogenic differentiation and are depicted in Fig. 1 A, left panel. The observed... 

BMP2 (650) 20pl2 BDA2, BMP2A Acts as a disulfide-linked homodimer and induces bone and cartilage formation... 

Skeletal growth in acromegaly cannot simply be explained by an anti-insulinic effect, stimulation of lipolysis, or stimulation of protein synthesis because cartilage formation requires that collagen (conversion of protein to hydroxyproline) and cartilage (synthesis of chondroitin sulfate) be formed. Acromegalic serum... 

Lohan, A., Marzahn, U., El Sayed, K., Haisch, A., KoM, B., Muller, R.D., Ertel, W., Schulze-Tanzil, G., John, T., 2011. In vitro and in vivo neo-cartilage formation by heterotopic chondrocytes seeded on PGA scaffolds. Histochem. Cell Biol. 136, 57—69. 

Woitiski, C.B., Veiga, F., Riheiro, A., Neufeld, R., 2009. Design for optimization of nanoparticles integrating hiomaterials for oraUy dosed insulin. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 73, 25-33. Zang, M.Q., Zhang, Q.X., Davis, G., et al., 2011. Perichondrium directed cartilage formation in sUk fibroin and chitosan hlend scaffolds for tracheal transplantation. Acta Biomater. 7, 3422-3431. 

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