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Leakage

The main conclusion of this part is that to avoid leakage, one always should keep a whole number of periods in the total acquisition time. The problem of leakage may be minimized (but not completely eliminated) when the total time and number of periods of the function increase, which means that more frequencies are added to the list and their separation becomes smaller (Exercise 2.5). Some authors have proposed that using a digital filter that decreases the importance of the initial and final points decreases the effect of leakage. [Pg.29]

Therefore, when using a sum of frequencies in impedance (Chap. 3.7.3) one must also ensure that the number of periods of each function during the data acquisition time is a whole number. [Pg.29]

The advantage of the EFT is that this analysis allows one to determine the response of each periodic function when their sum is applied. It should be stressed, however, that the frequency information is for/between/mm = 1/T and the Nyquist frequency/max = l/2At. For example, the FT of the curve displayed in Fig. 2.15 shows that it is composed of four cosine (only real values in the Fourier domain) and three sine functions (only imaginary values in the Fourier domain) (Fig. 2.16). [Pg.29]

Although the shape of the function fit) seems quite complex, the FT analysis reveals aU the underlying functimis and their frequencies. Details are presented in Exercise 2.6. [Pg.30]


In preliminary process design, the primary consideration is contact by inhalation. This happens either through accidental release of toxic material to the atmosphere or the fugitive emissions caused by slow leakage from pipe flanges, valve glands, and pump and compressor seals. Tank filling causes emissions when the rise in liquid level causes vapor in the tank to be released to the atmosphere. [Pg.259]

Flux leakage probes Ultrasonic rotating scaimer (IRIS)... [Pg.325]

If a wire is broken, a leakage of the magnetic flow arises. The leakage can be detected by a magneto sensitive sensor, e.g. by a Hall generator, as an electric pulse while a rope moves near the sensor. Of course, the pulses from inner broken wires are less and longer than from outer ones. [Pg.335]

Johnston D Aboveground storage tank floor inspection using magnetic flux leakage Material Perform t.31 no 10 1990 p.36-39. [Pg.388]

When a block is inside, the entrance panel is closed and the inspection is ready to start. The inside of the stainless steel X-ray tubehead housing is clad in lead with an on/ofT shutter in front of a thin plastic X-ray window. The thin window is to ensure the IP 65 classification. The window is of plastic that is not affected by the cleaning agents. The on/off shutter is interlocked with the entrance and exit panels so X-rays can be kept on at all times without risk of radiation leakage or exposure of the frozen fish blocks prior to the actual inspection. [Pg.591]

Magnetic particles is one of the most used nondestructive testing techniques in industry. It allows detection and localization of surfacic and subsurfacic defects of ferromagnetic pieces by making conspicuous leakage fields by a magnetic developer. [Pg.635]

The theoretical approach consists in having a maximal leakage flux allowing the drawing of the defect edge clearly. [Pg.637]

The method seirsibility depeird essentially on the poles force attraction which exists at the position of the defect. This attraction force depend on the value of the leakage field, so of the magnetic exciting field which has created them. [Pg.638]

Sizing of 3-D Surface Cracks with Complex Cross-Sections and Different Orientations Using Leakage Field. [Pg.686]

The algorithm contains five minimisation procedures which are performed the same way as in the method " i.e. by minimisation of the RMS between the measured unidirectional distribution and the corresponding theoretical distribution of die z-component of the intensity of the leakage field. The aim of the first minimisation is to find initial approximations of the depth d, of the crack in the left half of its cross-section, die depth d in its right half, its half-width a, and the parameter c. The second minimisation gives approximations of d, and d and better approximations of a and c based on estimation of d,= d, and d,= d,j. Improved approximations of d] and d4 are determined by the third minimisation while fixing new estimations of d dj, dj, and dj. Computed final values dj , d/, a and c , whieh are designated by a subscript c , are provided by the fourth minimisation, based on improved estimations of d, dj, dj, and d . The fifth minimisation computes final values d, , d, dj, d while the already computed dj , d/, a and c are fixed. [Pg.688]

The reason for these results is that the intensity of the leakage field and the RMS error used depend strongly on the parameter c and the crack width, and to a lesser extent on the depth profile of the crack. Also, the distribution of the density of the leakage field is measured over the centre of the crack and correspondingly changes more by varying of dj and dj rather than of d, dj, dj and d . [Pg.691]

It is suggested though that even more precise sizing of cracks with complex cross-sections and unknown shapes could be achieved using the distribution of the leakage magnetic field along two lines positioned above the surface of the sample and parallel to the direction of the applied field at the same distance from the centre of the crack and from its closer end. [Pg.692]

Due to the limitation posed by the initial electrical leakage signal and by the chosen angle of incidence of 52 deg. diffracted signals from 8 mm deep machined notch were hidden. Defects with depth exceeding 12 mm could be detected and sized. The same difficulty was observed when the thickness of the sample was less than 30 mm. [Pg.725]

Principle of Magnetic Flux Leakage for detection of wall loss... [Pg.950]

A gas/gas heat exchanger at a refinery had a known leakage, which it for technical reasons had been impossible to repair completely. The objective of the survey was to determine the leakage size in terms of the percentage of process stream crossing it. [Pg.1057]

The size of the leakage was determined as follows. Radiation detectors were mounted on the inlet of the first side, and the outlet of the second side of the heat exchanger and at additional locations for control. A short pulse of Kr-85 tracer (<0.1 sec) was injected into the feed stream, which gave rise to detector responses shown in figure 3. [Pg.1058]

Due to a limited axial dispersion, the first passages are sufficiently separated to calculated the leakage size directly, as the ratio between ... [Pg.1059]

Tracer assisted leakage pigging in buried pipelines... [Pg.1059]

The methodology and the pigging tool have proven to be capable of identifying very small leaks. In oil pipelines like the Danish carrying 1500 m /h leakages down to 1 litre per hour can be detected without injection of large quantities of tracer. Leakages can be positioned with an accuracy of less than 1 metre. [Pg.1060]

Final Technical Report, Thermie project OG/203/94, Development of a Novel Super Sensitive Leakage Inspection Pig for Inspection of Oil Pipelines , FORCE Institute, 1997... [Pg.1060]

The high-pressure water supply service is employed for the operation of the ordinary filter pump, which finds so many applications in the laboratory. A typical all metal filter pump is illustrated in Fig. 11, 21, 1. It is an advantage to have a non-return valve fitted in the side arm to prevent sucking back if the water is turned off or if the water pressure is suddenly reduced. Theoretically, an efficient filter pump should reduce the pressure in a system to a value equal to the vapour pressure of the water at the temperature of the water of the supply mains. In practice this pressure is rarely attained (it is usually 4 10 mm. higher) because of the leakage of air into the apparatus and the higher temperature of the laboratory. The vapour pressures of water at 5°, 10°, 15°, 20° and 25° are respectively 6-5, 9-2,12-8, 17 5 and 23 8 mm. respectively. It is evident that the vacuum obtained with a water pump will vary considerably with the temperature of the water and therefore with the season of the year in any case a really good vacuum cannot be produced by a filter pump. [Pg.110]

If and when these difficulties can be overcome, the way will be opened to the employment of adsorptives which have a vapour pressure high enough to enable their isotherms to be measured at temperatures close to ambient. This would substantially reduce the effect of thermal leakage and with it the distortion of the isotherm in the region near saturation. [Pg.167]


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Electrolytic leakage

Electrolytic leakage content

Electrolytic permeation leakage)

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Elgi leakage formulae

Elimination of leakage between welded parts

Elution leakage

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Exchanger leakage

Extrusion leakage flow

Filters, optical leakage

Fittings leakage rate

Fluid leakage, tumors

Fluorescein leakage

Fourier transform leakage

Gas leakage

Gate leakage

Gate leakage currents

Ground leakage

Ground leakage current

High earth leakage current equipment

Hydraulic leakage

Hydrocarbon leakage

Hydrogen leakage

Implant devices, leakage

In-leakage

Induced leakage

Infiltration Leakage

Information leakage

Insulation leakage

Internal leakage

Ion leakage

Isolation valves, leakage

Isolator leakage-rate measurement

Judgment leakage

Junction diodes leakage current

Kinetic leakage

Knowledge leakage

Lactate dehydrogenase leakage

Leakage Current Effects

Leakage Flow of Gas in a Standpipe

Leakage Resistance

Leakage Surveys

Leakage Through Steam Generator

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Leakage channels

Leakage chimney tray

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Leakage compensation

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Leakage current monitoring

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Leakage direct

Leakage evaluation circuits

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Leakage flow

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Leakage flux

Leakage from Liposomes

Leakage from tray

Leakage gaps

Leakage high-pressure sensors

Leakage history

Leakage horizontal

Leakage inductance

Leakage inductance reset

Leakage limited

Leakage markers

Leakage measurement

Leakage mechanisms

Leakage node

Leakage of Fuel Gas

Leakage of current

Leakage or Generation of Toxic Substance

Leakage paths

Leakage prevention

Leakage probability

Leakage rate

Leakage rate method

Leakage reactances

Leakage reaction

Leakage spectra

Leakage tendencies

Leakage test

Leakage testing

Leakage total reflux

Leakage values

Leakage volume

Leakage, active matrix displays

Leakage, worst-case

Leaks/leakage

Leaks/leakage exchanger-tube

Leaks/leakage flange

Leaks/leakage valve

Light hydrocarbons leakage

Light leakage of crossed polarizers at oblique view

Line frequency leakage current

Liposomes, drug leakage from

Liquid leakage

Lysosome enzyme leakage

MOSFET leakage current

Magnetic flux leakage

Marginal Leakage

Melt leakage

Microvascular leakage

Model for Calculating the Leakage

Moisture accumulation due to air leakage

Nano-leakage

Neutron leakage

Non-leakage factor

Nozzle leakage

O2 leakages

Oil Leakages

Oil leakage into

Oxygen leakage from roots

Palaeo-leakage

Parameters for Leakage Model

Passivation and Leakage Current Preventing Measures

Piston ring leakage

Plasma leakage

Plasma leakage inflammatory mediators

Pressure and leakage testing

Pressure leakage

Pressurization leakage compensation

Primary-side leakage

Protective penetration/leakage

Protein leakage

Proton leakage

Radon leakage

Reactance Rotor leakage

Reactant leakage

Reference leakage rates

Reflected secondary-side leakage

Relief valves leakage

Respiratory chain electron leakage

Screw leakage flow

Seat leakage

Secondary-side leakage

Self Discharge through Leakage Mechanisms

Sensing leakage

Sensory leakage

Shaft seals leakage prevention

Sieverts Law Hydrogen Leakage through a Reactor Wall

Silicones leakage current measurements

Soaking Injury and Solute Leakage

Sodium leakage

Solute leakage

Specific leakage

Stack leakage model

Steam leakage

Stereochemical leakage

Stopcocks leakage

Subthreshold leakage

Surface condensers leakage

Syringe leakage

Systemic vascular leakage

Tank leakage

Test chambers leakage rate

Testing for Leakages

Thermal leakage,

Transformers Leakage reactance

Tray deck leakage

Tubular leakage

Tunneling leakage currents

Unidentified Leakage

Urinary leakage

Urine leakage

Vacuum leakage

Vacuum pumps air leakage

Vacuum system air leakage

Vacuum systems other gas leakage

Valve leakage rate

Valves leakage

Vertical leakage mechanism

Volume throughput leakage

Waste leakage prevention

Water leakage

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