Knowledge leakage

If the constants in the preceding equations are known for a given titer system and the assumption of no air leakage is adequate, the total amount of suction air can be estimated. This value, combined with a knowledge of the air temperature and the pressures at the intake and delivery sides of the vacuum pump, can be used to estimate the power requirements of the vacuum pump by methods described elsewhere in this chapter. 

A complete thermodynamic description of a material under pressure requires knowledge of the (thermal) equation of state (EOS), for example, in the form F = V (p,T) or p = p (p,T), for the specific material, where V is usually the specific volume (the volume per unit mass) or the molar volume and p is the specific density p=l/F. For a rigid cylinder with a fixed amount of a sample enclosed by the piston, the relative change in volume V(p,T)IVo is directly related to the movement of the piston if deformations of the piston and cylinder, and leakage and friction, can be neglected. For pressures below 1 GPa and moderate temperatures these techniques are well developed for liquids and gases. However, for higher pressures and variable temperatures the encapsulation of the sample and the deformation of the pressure vessel need special attention. The state of the art for encapsulated solids corresponds to a precision of only 500 p.p.m. (parts per million) in V/Vq or 3 per... 

The design of the sterns and components was also reexamined considering the experience and knowledge accumulated at other fast reactors, research and development results and new findings. As a result of the review, some additional aspects were appeared. Some existing systems and components related to sodium leakage were found to require modification, and it was recommend that new systems and components should be introduced. Typical systems and components are ... 

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