Plasma leakage

Anaphylaxis is the most dramatic and potentially catastrophic manifestation of allergic disorders. It can affect virtually any organ including the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular collapse and hypotensive shock in anaphylaxis have been attributed to peripheral vasodilation, enhanced vascular permeability and plasma leakage, rather than any direct effect on the myocardium. However, there is increasing experimental and clinical evidence that the human heart is a site and target of anaphylaxis. 

Holzer, P., 1998. Neurogenic vasodilatation and plasma leakage in the skin. Gen. Pharmac. 30, 5-11. 

All over Sverdlovsk, trucks fire their engines. Deuterium fuel, heated to a hundred-million degrees, undergoes fusion modified containment fields are weakened to allow directed plasma leakage. Unleashed, the fusion reaction is unsustainable and dies in a second plasma jets have already streamed into advancing tank columns at temperatures approaching solar. 

Lund LW, Hattler BG, and Federspiel WJ. Is condensation the cause of plasma leakage in microporous hollow fibre membrane oxygenators J. Membr. Sci. 1998 147 87-93. 

Musch G, Verweij M, Bombino M, Banfi G, FumagaUi R, and Pesenti A. Small pore size microporous membrane oxygenator reduces plasma leakage during prolonged extracorporeal circulation A case report. Int. J. Artif. Organs 1996 19(3) 177-180. 

Consequences of Plasma Leakage 5.2 Platelet-activating Factor 153... 

Assessment of Plasma Leakage in Airways of Animals and Humans... 

Plasma leakage Assessed by Bronchial lavage in Humans... 

There are several consequences of an increase in the permeability of the blood vessels of the airway mucosa. Plasma leakage could result in mucosal edema and the movement of fluid into the airway lumen, both of which could contribute to airflow obstruction. In addition, plasma-derived inflammatory mediators could form in the mucosa and airway lumen, and extravasated plasma proteins could increase the viscosity of sputum. 

Whether an increase in vascular permeability results in mucosal edema depends on the balance between the amount of leakage into the mucosa and the rate of clearance from the mucosa, either through the lymphatics or across the epithelium into the airway lumen. The increase of vascular permeability produced by inflammatory stimuli can result in the bulk flow of plasma into the airway mucosa (Renkin, 1992). The amount of plasma leakage depends upon the number of gaps that form in the endothelium of the leaky vessels, the duration of the gaps and the intravascular pressure that drives the extravasation (Clough, 1991 Taylor and Ballard, 1992). The movement of plasma proteins and other osmotically active solutes into the mucosa can increase the interstitial oncotic pressure, which favors the net movement of fluid out of vessels and further increases the amount of leakage (Taylor and Ballard, 1992). 

The effect of plasma leakage on airway resistance depends on the amount of mechanical obstruction caused by the increase in mucosal thickness, accumulation of intraluminal fluid and possible reflex bronchocon-striction. In addition, the impact on airway conductance depends on where in the tracheobronchial tree the fluid accumulates. Theoretical models predict that increased mucosal wall thickness itself may have little effect on airflow, but it could exa erate the luminal narrowing caused by bronchoconstriction (James etal., 1989 Wiggs et al., 1990 Yager et ai., 1991). Although this effect probably would be negligible in the trachea and large bronchi, it could be important in peripheral airways. 

Release of Inflammatory Mediators Associated With Plasma Leakage... 

Late phase inflammatory Response Unknown Mechanism OF Plasma leakage... 

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