Whole numbers

If the reference date is set at the beginning of the year (e.g. 1.1.98) then full year discount factors imply that t is a whole number and that cashflows occur in lump sums at the end of each year. If the cashflow occurs uniformly throughout the year and the reference date is the beginning of the year then mid-year discount factors are more appropriate, in which case the discounting equation would be ... 

RCT are designed to successfully solve a whole number of tasks in nuclear power when testing fuel elements, in aviation and space industry when testing construction materials, nozzles and engine units, turbine blades and parts, in electromechanical industry-cables switching elements, electric motors in defense sphere- charges, equipment in prospecting for research of rock distribution and detection of precious stones in samples. 

Among planar monocyclic fully conjugated polyenes only those possessing (4n + 2) TT electrons where n is a whole number will have special stability that be aromatic... 

Round off the number of stages to the nearest whole number, then recalculate the pressure coefficient, X, using... 

This value is rounded to the next whole number, 7. Recalculate p using Equation 6.13 and the number of stages. 

If the processing or otherwise use of similar articles results in a total release of less than 0.5 pound of a toxic chemical in a calendar year to any environmental media, EPA will allow this release quantity to be rounded to zero and the manufactured items remain exempt as articles. EPA requires facilties to round off and report all estimates to the nearest whole number. The 0.5 pound limit does not apply to each individual article, but applies to the sum of all releases from processing or use of like articles. 

For releases to any medium that amount to 1,000 pounds or more forthe year, you must provide an estimate in pounds per year in column A.2. Any estimate provided in column A.2 should be reported to no more than two significant figures. This estimate should be in whole numbers. Do not use decimal points. 

F. W. Aston (Cambridge) discovery, by means of the mass spectrograph, of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for enunciation of the whole-number rule. 

No. casing stages = Hp/(head/stage), stages rounded up to nearest whole number... 

ANINT Returns the whole number nearest in value to the argument... 

The chain length is generally measured in pitches because it consists of a whole number of links, each being of length p. Chain length is a function of the number of teeth in the two sprockets and the distance between sprocket centers. Thus, the chain length L (pitches) is... 

Equation 3-30 does not often result in an even number of pitches. Thus, the results must be rounded off to a whole number, preferably an even whole number to avoid the specification of an offset link chain. 

Diametric pitch is a whole number used to specify the ratio of the number of teeth in a gear to its pitch diameter. Stated another way, it specifies the number of teeth in a gear per inch of pitch diameter. For each inch of pitch-circle diameter, there are pi (jr = 3.1416) inches of pitch-circle circumference. Therefore, the diametric pitch provides the number of teeth for each 3.1416 inches of circumference along the pitch circle. 

The length obtained by this formula should be rounded upward to the nearest whole number. For a roller chain, the resultant number must be raised to the nearest even whole number of pitches or an offset link must be used to obtain the proper installed length. The proper chain length in inches is found by multiplying L by the pitch for the ASA type from Table 58.7. 

J f = 2 entries of the rule table be filled in. Each configuration can be interpreted as being the binary representation of some whole number between 0 and A/" — 1. This suggests that the behavior of N, k = N)-neis is equivalent to the behavior of a random mapping of a finite set of A/" integers to itself. 

The law of multiple proportions This law, formulated by Dalton himself, was crucial to establishing atomic theory. It applies to situations in which two elements form more than one compound. The law states that in these compounds. the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the second element are in a rath of small whole numbers. 

The validity of this law depends on the fact that atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios (postulate 3). Its relation to atomic theory is further illustrated in Figure A. 

A major task of chemical analysis is to determine the formulas of compounds. The formula found by the approach described here is the simplest formula, which gives the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms present. For an ionic compound, the simplest formula is ordinarily the only one that can be written (e.g., CaCl2, Cr203). For a molecular compound, the molecular formula is a whole-number multiple of the simplest formula, where that number may be 1,2. 

As pointed out earlier, the mole ratio is the same as the atom ratio. To find the simplest whole-number atom ratio, multiply throughout by 2 ... 

Reality Check A mole ratio of 1.00 A 1.00 B 333 C would imply a formula A3B3C10 if the mole ratio were 1.00 A 2.50 B 5.50 C, the formula would be A2B5Cn. In general, multiply through by the smallest whole number that will give integers for all the subscripts. 

Chemical analysis always leads to the simplest formula of a compound because it gives only the simplest atom ratio of the elements. As pointed out earlier, the molecular formula is a whole-number multiple of the simplest formula. That multiple may be 1 as in H20, 2 as in H202, 3 as in CjHg, or some other integer. To find the multiple, one more piece of data is... 

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