Capillary leakage

No significant anti-tumour response was observed in many cases, although side effects were commonly observed. Virtually all patients suffered from fevers, chills and other flu-like symptoms. More serious side effects, including capillary leakage syndrome and hypotension, were also observed and were dose-limiting. 

The incidence of transfusion-related acute lung injury is 0.16-0.24% per transfusion of blood products and is the cause of 15% of all fatal complications of blood transfusion (11). Specific antigen-antibody reactions involving donor antibodies specific for leukocyte antigens of the recipients cause activation of neutrophils and aggregation in small pulmonary vessels (11). The complement and cytokine cascade is activated, leading to capillary leakage. 

Seals mostly fail either by capillary leakage through interconnected pores, or the formation of fractures. The theoretical relationships between these... 

The capillary pressure equation (Berg, 1975) predicts that capillary leakage will occur when the upward pressure of the hydrocarbon column is greater than the capillary resistance of the seal. The magnitude of upward reservoir pressure is determined by hydrocarbon buoyancy pressure plus any overpressure in the reservoir relative to the seal. The capillary resistance of the seal is determined by the size of interconnected pore throats and the interfacial tension between hydrocarbon (gas or oil) and formation water. The relationship between these factors can be expressed as follows if the angle of contact of the hydrocabon-water interface is assumed to be 0° (Clayton and Hay, 1994) ... 

Capillary Leakage Through Top-Seal Capillary Leakage Via Fault Planes... 

Fig. 6. Schematic illustration of capillary leakage from GEA traps. This mostly occurs at shallow and intermediate burial depths both via fault planes and through Chalk Group cap-rocks.

Contact with the liquid or vapor forms can cause skin erythema and blistering, corneal damage and iritis, damage to the airway mucosa, pulmonary edema, diarrhea, capillary leakage, and subsequent hypotension (21). 

Septic patients have enormous fluid requirements as a result of peripheral vasodilation and capillary leakage. Rapid fluid resuscitation is the best initial therapeutic intervention for the treatment of hypotension in sepsis. The goal of fluid therapy is to maximize cardiac output by increasing the left ventricular preload, which ultimately will restore tissue perfusion. Fluid administration should be titrated to clinical end points such as heart rate, urine output, blood pressure, and mental status. An increased serum lactate level, a byproduct of cellular anaerobic metabolism, should normalize as the tissue perfusion improves. 

Deduction isoprenaline prevents increased capillary leakage and had a useful effect on antioxidant levels in the lung. 

Failures in heat seal can occur because of creases in the seal area giving rise to capillary leakage. Such capillaries are more likely to cause microbiological contamination than product losses. Under fluemating temperatures the pack may breathe. 

PRES is a syndrome that results from loss of cerebral autoregulation and capillary leakage in association with a variety of clinical entities including acute hypertension preeclampsia and eclampsia septic shock autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and Wegener granulomatosis treatment with immunosuppressive agents snch as cyclosporin and tacrolimus treatment with chemotherapentic agents such as intrathecal... 

Two hemorrhagic fevers should be clearly separated from the other VHF diseases. Severe consequences of dengue infection are largely due to systemic capillary leakage syndrome and should be managed initially by brisk infusion of crystalloid, followed by albumin or other colloid if there is no response.29... 

Lung capillary leakage was significantly increased 18 h after rats had been exposed to CO at concentrations of 50 ppm or more for 1 h (Thom et al. 

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