Container leakage

Carry out work over spill trays to contain leakages and use impervious work surfaces. 

In 1962 the report, TID-14844 was published presenting analysis and assumptions coneeming the behavior of containment (essentially Hazard State 2). The TID report postulated the release of all of the noble gas, 50% of the iodine, and 1% of the radioactive solids to the containment. In addition, TBD-14844 provided assumptions for containment leakage (the TMI-2 containment is intact) and for atmo.spheric transport of the fission products. These results form the basis for Regulatory... 

If the analyst cannot cite a definite physical reason for failure to include a specific sample measurement, such as evident instrument malfunction, sample container leakage, or sample loss on transfer or injection, then there is no justification for deleting a measurement from subsequent evaluation of a total sample series. If, on injection of a sample into the chromatograph, the operator believes that septum leak is evident, the resulting chromatogram should be marked immediately and never measured or included in the subsequent results. Conversely, if he cannot cite such a reason, the resulting chromatogram must be measured and included in the overall evaluation of the study. 

The long-term storage of liquids and gases is best accomplished in an ampule or bulb fitted with a break-seal. Once the sample is sealed off in such a container, leakage is no problem as it would be if a stopcock or valve were used. Furthermore, this practice is economically sound, since a break-seal is much less expensive than a stopcock or valve. 

Containment leakage (To verify absence of cross-contamination) All classes 24 months Demonstrate that contaminant is maintained within a room by means of airflow direction smoke tests room air pressures. In accordance with ISO 14644-3 Annex B4 ... 

Any materials (e.g., small quantity of solvent for weld-testing) deliberately introduced into the open column, as well as their containers, should be critically examined. Their evaporation may generate a hazardous atmosphere inside. The possibility of container leakage or breakage should be considered and adequately allowed for. 

Loss of Containment. Leakage from process vessels, failure of cell cladding ... 

Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 50, Appendix J, "Primary Reactor Containment Leakage Testing for Water-Cooled Power Reactors."... 

Typical allowable primary containment leakage rates lie in the range of 0.1-1 per cent of volume a day, but the operating experience sometimes has indicated real-world values above these allowable limits. These are usually due to excessive valve or penetration leakage, valves or penetrations left open after testing, airlock failure, etc. 

Criterion 52 - Capability for containment leakage rate testing. The reactor containment and other equipment which may be subjected to containment test conditions shall be designed so that periodic integrated leakage rate testing can be conducted at containment design pressure. 

A Radiological Consequences of a Design Basis Loss-of-Coolant Accident Including Containment Leakage Contribution... 

Fission product containment 1 From intact pressurized containment leakage over many days. 2 Optionally, long term use of filtered air discharge system 1 P 2 A 1 The containment leakage rate is mamtamed withm acceptable limits, 2 The engineered FAD doesn t have the capacity of an Emergency FAD, but can be used at moderate pressure and activity levels... 

Fission product containment CS Passive/ Active 1 containment leakage rate is mamtamed withm acceptable Imiits 2 Kidney filtration contams lodme and particulate activity 3 Secondary contamment at negauve pressure through filtered purge... 

Plants with a double containment are offered some additional ways to cope with containment releases. With an intact containment, the space between both containments may be held subatmospheric and the leakages collected and filtered before release. The ventilation system used for that purpose usually has a large design margin and can therefore process a primary containment leakage rate far in excess of the normal value (if AC power is available). 

The containment isolation system (CIS) provides the means of isolating the various fluid systems passing through the containment walls as required to prevent the release of radioactivity to the outside environment. Design bases of the CIS consider several factors. Subsequent to an accident which may release radionuclides within the containment, there must be a barrier in all pipes or ducts that penetrate the containment. Leakage from the containment through these pipes or ducts which penetrate the containment is minimized by a double barrier. This double barrier ensures that failure of a single active... 

Cylinders must be filled so they are not liquid full at 130°F (54.4°C). Valves utilized for cylinders of phosphine are usually of the diaphragm type. When shipped, the outlet must be sealed with a threaded cap or threaded solid plug. If shipped with a packed type valve, the valve must be fitted with a seal cap to contain leakage around the stem, or the complete valve must be sealed to the cylinder with a gasketed gas-tight cap. See 49 CFR 173.40 and 173.192 for general packaging requirements for Poison gas. Hazard Zone A materials [7]. 

U2 Ultimate procedure used to containment leakage control, localization of leaks and possible subsequence reinjection of highly radioactive effluents. Automatic devices avoid to transfer these effluents towards normal treatment process when their activity is too high. 

---