Leakage flux

The theoretical approach consists in having a maximal leakage flux allowing the drawing of the defect edge clearly. 

Resistive losses within the current-carrying conductors, i.e. within the electrical circuit itself, caused by the leakage flux (Figure 2.6), as a result of the deep conductor skin effect. This effect increases conductor resistance and hence the losses. For more details refer to Section 28.7. 

Eddy current losses, caused by leakage flux... 

If the leakage flux falls within the acceptable range we merely measure its value for use as a baseline correction to the pressure vs time data taken when the upstream chamber is pressurized. The presence of this background flux tends to degrade the signal to noise ratio of the data for the less permeable species. Experiments using a solid aluminum plate in place of the film demonstrate that this leakage flux arises mainly from the polymer. 

There is no rule without an exception, and passive downhill movements of K+ and Ca2+ in the wrong direction, through the respective Na+-K+- and Ca2+-pumps, have been demonstrated under certain conditions, even without phosphorylating substrates present. These leakage fluxes have been explained by conformational... 

The damper bars or winding act in a manner very similar to an induction motor and provide a breaking torque against the transient disturbances in shaft speed. To be effective the damper needs to have a steep torque versus shp characteristic in the region near synchronous speed. The equivalent impedance of the damper requires a low resistance and a high reactance. High conductivity copper bars are embedded into the pole face to provide a low reluctance path for the leakage flux. 

Currents now exist in both windings. Therefore a volt-drop must exist in each winding due to its leakage reactance (due to leakage flux) and its conductor resistance. The equivalent circuit of a single-phase transformer can be represented as in Figure 6.2. 

Figure 20.1 Mutually coupling and leakage fluxes in coils that share a common magnetic iron core.

A Kaman pulsed neutron source was used, located in the reflector adjacent to the core,- with the target positioned at the center of one face. Scintillators of b" + ZnS(Ag) detected the leakage flux, and the pulse output was oteerved with a 256-channel analyzer. Some measurements were made with miniature BFj counters inserted in the core proper. Detectors were positioned to achieve maximum siqspresslan of higher mode contamination. Neutron bursts were about 10 ftsec long, and only data taken more than about 1.3 msec from the burst time were considered. 

The reaction rates, addeh were measured with Indium-covert indium foils, were spectrum wei di using tlm calculated leakage flux on each face of the] chbes. The anguUr distribution of the neutrons, cover foil shielding, and self-shielding were accounted for in theleffective indium cross-section calculations. Mg was then determined as the ratio of the corrected reaction I ates of the... 

Recently, Schulze and Wuerz described the neutron monitor in the high-activity part of a reprocessing plant They reported a unique relationship between k and epithermal leakage flux multiplication. However, the basic importance has a knowledge of nuclear criticality index (e.g., keff). Physically, the relationship between Mepj and keff cannot be determined directly due to perturbations introduced by the presence of high flux modes. The problem... 

The leakage inductance of both coils has been modeled by an inductor in series with the load, since the current in the coils also produces leakage flux. These inductances are labeled L p and Lj, respectively. Notice that the leakage inductance for the secondary side has been divided by the turns ratio n, squared because it was reflected to the primary side. Resistors labeled Rp and Rj have also been placed in series with the load to represent the resistance of the conductors used to wind the coils. Again, the secondary resistance has been divided by the square of the turns ratio, since it was reflected. 

The nonideal characteristics of a transformer include core and winding losses, presence of leakage fluxes, and finite permeability of the core. Hence, the actual model should include the physical representations of these nonideal characteristics. This is shown in Fig. 10.105(b), where the shunt magnetization and core loss components have been ignored for the sake of convenience. Such approximations are common in transformer analysis and only cause trivial inaccuracies in computation. Figure 10.106 shows the equivalent circuit of Fig. 10.105(b) with the secondary-side impedance referred to the primary side. 

I is the resulting current through the actuator when the imposed voltage 14x is applied - Ip is the fraction of this current that corresponds to the leakage flux in Fig. 6.36. 

Detectors are usually located in fixed positions about or around the reactor core, and the quantity measured is often the leakage flux, i e, the flux exterior to the core The detector shall be placed in instrument ports that are leak-tight so that they will not be subjected to moisture A purge of inert gas in these ports is also often provided in order to prevent the buildup of corrosive substances Since detectors are located in intense gamma ray fields, which may degrade cable insulation, mineral insulators are preferred such as are provided with integral-lead detectors These cables are procured at the time the detector is ordered, and must be sized for length at that time... 

---