Electrolytic permeation leakage

There are important applications for which convetskw must be low. A good example is the UF of dectro-phoietic paint. The desired product is permeate, whidi is requited for rinsing newly painted objects for recovery of excess paint and for removal of electrolytes and contaminants. Since flux, paint stability, and membrane cleanliness are affected adversely by rising concentration, the UF b run at as low a paint concentration as feasible, that is, at low conveiaon. In such a situation, yield b not a factor, and the absence of leakage b the dominant consideration. 

In addition, the nse of this term enables us to take acconnt of the fact that the measnred no-load voltage of an electrochemical cell is not eqnal to the difference in thermodynamic potentials of the electrodes. Certain anthors give it a physical interpretation expressing two parasitic phenomena a leakage of electric current into the electrolyte, and the permeation of the reagents across the electrolyte (termed cross-over ) [LAR 00],... 

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