Fittings leakage rate

The leakage rate across the diaphragm or fittings on the regulator. This value is normally measured using helium gas... 

Pressure increase is usually not a problem unless the pressure exceeds the rated capacity of the fittings or gaskets, then leakage can occur... 

Two water networks have been studied. The first one is composed of live storage tanks and ten connection pipes (figure 1). The fifteen faults that should be detected and located are water leakages in the storage tanks or in the pipes. Each storage tanks can be fitted with a level meter, and the flow rate can be measured at both ends of each pipe, which means 25 possible sensors. 

Janoff, Vicic, and Cain [11] used accelerated life test methods to select the best material to use for lip seals used in water/glycol fluids contained in subsea oil-field hydraulic systems. The required seal life was 20 years at 93°C sustained temperature at 20.7 MPa pressure with 100 mechanical operations. Finite Element Analysis was used to determine the actual seal temperature in the installed component to establish the service temperature rating. Polyurethane and thermoplastic alloy seals were tested in water/glycol and hydrocarbon hydraulic fluids at 3—5 elevated temperatures at 20.7 MPa constant pressure. Failure was defined as seal leakage at pressure. Test results were analyzed using Least Squares regression in an equation like that used by KenneUey et al. The correlation coefficients exceeded 0.95 and show excellent fit to the model. Table 16B.1 shows the results of the study. 

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