Retrieval

Databases are electronic filing cabinets that serve as a convenient and efficient means of storing vast amounts of information. An important distinction exists between primary (archival) and secondary (curated) databases. The primary databases represent experimental results with some interpretation. Their record is the sequence as it was experimentally derived. The DNA, RNA, or protein sequences are the items to be computed on and worked with as the valuable components of the primary databases. The secondary databases contain the fruits of analyses of the sequences in the primary sources such as patterns, motifs, functional sites, and so on. Most biochemical and/or molecular biology databases in the public domains are flat-file databases. Each entry of a database is given a unique identifier (i.e., an entry name and/or accession number) so that it can be retrieved uniformly by the combination of the database name and the identifier. 

Quick search This is the fastest way to generate a query. Click the checkbox to select databank (s) — for example, EMBL for nucleotide sequences or SWISSPROT for amino acid sequences. Enter the query word(s), accession ID, or regular expression and then click the Go button to start the search. 

Standard query Select the databanks and click Standard button under Query forms. This opens the standard query form where the user is given choices of data fields to search, operator to use, wild card to append, entry type, and result views. 

The bui fi rimii. Riropnii Bontomnucs h LC.it EE4 h KHT ta nuxiti jrd iftftfits. ii buriarmnci I t lnsL-e.u- mmiqk dniutK i 

There are four textboxes with corresponding data field selectors. After entering querystrings to textboxes and choosing data fields, select sequence formats (embl, fasta or genbank) and then click the Submit Query button to begin the search. 

---

Wiswesser line notation The Wiswesser line-formula notation (WLN) is a method for expressing the more usual graphical structure of a chemical compound as a linear string of symbols. The resulting alternative notation is unambiguous, short and particularly suitable for computer processing and retrieval but can also be understood easily by chemists after minimal training in its use. 

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 

If a conventional core has been cut, it will be retrieved from the barrel on the rig floor and crated. It is common to do a lithologic description at this stage. To avoid drying out of core samples and the escape of light hydrocarbons some sections will be immediately sealed in a coating of hot wax and foil. 

Case-Based Reasoning. Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) systems base their solutions on previously solved problems (cases) which are stored in a case-base [Watson Marir, 1994]. When a new problem is presented to a CBR system a similar case(s) is/are retrieved from the case-base. Depending on the differences between the retrieved and the presented problem the retrieved solution may have to be more or less adapted to obtain a solution to the new problem. The solved problem may be retained in the case base if deemed useful. 

Real Time X-Ray images are stored on CD ROM/XA. Compared to film the volume for a storage is reduced by a factor 50. Retrieving is easy since information of the location is given in the directory of the diskette. Normally the directory name is the shop order and the file name is the serial number of the part. The directory and file names can be customised. 

The data can be retrieved easier, since no pile of films is laying on the table of the inspector. With each CD-ROM diskette a leaflet with relevant information for traceability of data is provided. 

Digital radiographic image storage and retrieval , NDE Center, EPRI TR-104626, august 1995... 

On NDTnet both retrieval methods are optimally combined, however that is only successfully because the content on the server is extensive and valuable (Table 2). A full text search with all advanced search features is available and the site also provides a table of contents for each month and archives are organized in subjects together with an alphabetical index. 

These tests generate several Gigabytes of data that are fed into a historical database. Although most of the analysis is performed automatically, human interaction is still needed to compare current and past data. Data are stored on optical CD S s from which the historical data bank are retrieved during field inspections from a mobile unit. Each of these is equipped with a CD-jukebox linked to an analysis station. The jukebox can handle 100 CD s, enough to store all previously recorded data. A dedicated software pre-fetches the historical data and compares it on-line with the newly acquired NDT-data. It is based on fuzzy algorithms applied to signal features. 

All CD s are stored in a CD-jukebox (100 CD s per jukebox), and are accessible to all HP9000 workstations under HP-UX 9.05 via the fXOS software (Ixos-Jukeman VI.3b). The Ixos-Jukeinan software has a slow time response for filenames searches on the jukeboxes. This problem has been encompassed. Laborelec has developed a dedicated static database software. This database is loaded once for all after burning and verifying CD s. All CD s are read from the jukebox and all the filenames are saved in this database. One jukebox can contain more than 65.000 records. This dedicated software retrieves files from jukebox almost instantaneously. 

We elose with tliree eonnnents. First, there is preliminary work on retrieving not only the amplitude but also the phase of photon eehoes [49]. This appears to be a promising avenue to aequire eomplete 2-dimensional time and freqiieney infonnation on the dynamies, analogous to methods tliat have been used in NMR. Seeond, we note that there is a growing literature on non-pertnrbative, niimerieal simulation of nonlinear speetroseopies. In these methods, the eonsisteney of the order of interaetion with the field and the appropriate relaxation proeess is aehieved automatieally. 

Flence the isotropic shift can be easily retrieved using... 

The factor A has been measured for a variety of samples, indicating that the approximation can be applied up to quasi-atomic resolution. In the case of biological specimens typical values of are of the order of 5-7%, as detemiined from images with a resolution of better than 10 A [37,38]- For an easy interpretation of image contrast and a retrieval of the object infomiation from the contrast, such a combination of phase and amplitude hifomiation is necessary. 

Trebino R and Kane D J 1993 Using phase retrieval to measure the intensity and phase of ultrafast pulses frequency-resolved optical gating J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 10 1101-11... 

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including uploading, downloading, printing, decompiling, recording or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-Mail PERMREQ WTLEY.COM. 

Chem(o)informatic5 is a generic term that encompasses the design, creation, organization, management, retrieval, analysis, dissemination, visualization, and use of chemical information."... 

The ROSDAL (Representation of Organic Structures Description Arranged Linearly) syntax was developed by S. Welford, J. Barnard, and M.F. Lynch in 1985 for the Beilstein Institute. This line notation was intended to transmit structural information between the user and the Beilstein DIALOG system (Beilstein-Ohlme) during database retrieval queries and structure displays. This exchange of structure information by the ROSDAL ASCII character string is very fast. 

For database handling it is necessary to compare existing database entries with new ones. Consequently, database registration and retrieval are dependent on isomorphism algorithms which compare two graphs or structure diagrams to determine whether subgraphs are identical or not. 

Having looked at the general structure of PDB files, let us now examine a sample PDB file. The file represents the structure of r conotoxin PNll polypeptide (PDB ID Ipcn) and was retrieved from the Protein Data Bank [53]. Figure 2-109 shows the 3D structure of the molecule. 

The Self-defining Text Archive and Retrieval (STAR) file format addresses primarily the problem of the inflexibility of the PDB file format, its fixed sets of allowable fields, and their strong dependence on order, To overcome the problems described, both the data. structure and the actual data items within a STAR file arc self-defined, which means that they are preceeded by corresponding names (labels) which identify and describe the data. The data may be of any type and there is no predefined order of the data. STAR files, in contrast to PDB files, are easy to read and write manually. The whole syntax of STAR files is very simple and is defined by only a few rules ... 

J.E. Ash, P.A. Chubb, S.E. Ward, S.M. Welford, P. Wdlett, Communication Storage, and Retrieval of Chemical Information, EUis Horwood, Chichester, UK, 1985. 

The Beilstein Online Database - Implementation, Content and Retrieval, S.R. Heller (Ed.), American Chemical Sodety, Washington, DC, 1990. 

MOT excludes the following term (retrieves dociitYients with the first lenn and not the second) (e.g., acetylsalicylic MOT synthesis) however, this often has the danger that some important documents are not found ... 

---