Universal Antigen Retrieval Method

Is it practical to develop a universal epitope retrieval method The answer is no, as the optimal retrieval of each type of epitope requires very specific processing conditions such as fixation, retrieval fluid, and unmasking treatments, including heating, enzymatic digestion, and ultrasound. In terms of preservation and masking, each type of epitope is affected differently by the fixative used, and by its concentration, pH, and the temperature and duration of fixation. As long as different fixatives are used in different laboratories, 

Epitope retrieval depends upon epitope preservation and hence on the effects of fixation or chemical fixation. In some cases, the fixation history of archival tissues is not known, making the rational choice of epitope retrieval methods problematic. Another problem is that similar antibodies obtained from different sources may vary in their sensitivity and specificity. 

As stated earlier, lack of a standardized antigen retrieval method results in intra- and interlaboratory variability in immunostaining results. The following method of microwave 

Microwave ovens with temperature readouts are commercially available (Energy Beam Science, Agawam, MA). Their power output is regulated by a temperature feedback mechanism and timer, so that both temperature and time can be monitored. They can also be used for fixation and accelerated immunostaining. 

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Namimatsu S, Ghazizadeh M, Sugisaki Y. Reversing the effects of formalin fixation with citraconic anhydride and heat a universal antigen retrieval method. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 2005 53 3-11. 

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