Information retrieval problem

The Application of Reconfigurable Microprocessors to Information Retrieval Problems, Lynch, M.F. Manson, G.A. Willett, P. Wilson, G.A., Eds British Library London, 1987. 

Gordon, M.D. It s 10 a.m. do you know where your documents are The nature and scope of information retrieval problems in business. Information Processing Management 33(1), 107-122 (1997)... 

Chemical industry quicklimes, requirements for, 15 68 Chemical information retrieval, 6 6-19 Chemical information storage, 6 2-6 Chemical insecticides, problems associated with, 14 349-350... 

Early efforts in what could be termed polymer informatics go back to an ACS symposium on polymer nomenclature in the late 1960s [46-51]. Papers in this symposium were mainly concerned with issues of polymer nomenclature and aspects of information retrieval. A first set of seminal papers only appeared about a decade later, as a consequence of another ACS symposium on the retrieval of polymer information in 1978 [52-59]. Collectively, the papers resulting from the 1978 symposium set out the challenges still faced by polymer informatics today the fuzzy nature of polymers and the variety of different types of descriptions and representations of polymers arising as a consequence, the problem of information... 

However, without a sound knowledge of chemistry (viz. the ability to solve the problem without the computer) no PC hardware and its software can help. So why use computers at all The answer is straightforward it avoids trivial errors, looks at all possibilities, excludes biased conclusions, it provides suggestions, complex information retrieved from data collections, which allows the time saved to be spent in streamlining the research. 

We may also recall that there is a further problem in that the data are, in general, highly sensitive and thus fully protected. To address the security requirements and to comply with the legislation for protection of personal privacy, certain personal information must be kept at the initial collection point in the original medium and is prohibited from being copied to or stored in another medium at another location. This was the reason why many workers in medical IT believed that the personal lifetime health record needs to be dynamically assembled out of the information retrieved on demand from various sources. 

It should be obvious that this is a brief and simplified treatment of a very complex topic, and that the lines between the different kinds of information are by no means as distinct as is implied in the foregoing discussion. For example, all kinds of information can be. and often are. recorded as written text structural information in such phrases as the dihydroxy steroid and quantitative information in such phrases as "an energy barrier of about foiu kcal mol i . Nevertheless, it is important to realise that there are different kinds of information since there are fundamental differences between them, some of which have important consequences for information retrieval. These differences have been discussed in detail elsewhere 21), but are summarised in Table 2. It is dear from the foregoing that each type of information presents its own problems for information retrieval. These will be discussed in more detail later. 

The types of information present different problems for information retrieval, the order of difficulty increasing from (1) to (3). One way in which problems have been overcome is by translating information to simpler forms. Thus, textual information can be stored numerically, and structural information linearly or numerically. In addition, various techniques to improve file organization and matching techniques have been devised. 

Data banks are information retrieval systems, providing the user on request with information on certain subjects, or with problems of a certain kind. Thus, the programs of the previous chapter may be categorized as data banks. Requests may be in natiual language ( Why did Nero play the violin ) or in some kind of code ( C22—I—A1 D23 ), they may involve aspects e.g. in a computerized libreiry, see "The Techniques Used to Retrieve Information and Data from the Literature in this volume) they can be used in a batch mode or interactively, alone or imbedded in some regular course. Only the latter aspect is of interest in this article. 

Type-1 fuzzy logic has been used successfully in a wide range of problems such as control system design, decision making, classification, system modelling and information retrieval [12, 31]. However, type-1 approach is not fully able to model uncertainties directly and minimise its effects [28]. These uncertainties exist in a large number of real-world applications. Uncertainties can be a result of [28] ... 

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