Informational Retrieval System applications

Selected entries from Methods in Enzymology [vol, page(s)] Databases and Resources Information services of European Bioinformatics Institute, 266, 3 TDB new databases for biological discovery, 266, 27 PIR-international protein sequence database, 266, 41 superfamily classification in PIR-international protein sequence database, 266, 59 gene classification artificial neural system, 266, 71 blocks database and its applications, 266, 88 indexing and using sequence databases, 266, 105 SRS information retrieval system for molecular biology data banks, 266, 114. 

National Pesticide Information Retrieval System) Compiled at Center for Environmental and Regulatory Information System (CERIS), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. Includes information on around 60,000 pesticide products registered with the US Environmental Protection Agency, including MSDSs and EPA registration applications documents. 

It all seems less of a mystery nearly 40 years on. Of course a taxonomic classification is, or shonld be, an efficient information-retrieval system, bnt it will also possess predictive value through the simple circumstance that characters are correlated (or else no tree structure would have emerged). The predictive value arises because the correlations are not confined to the data actnally nsed. As to why these correlations exist, an underlying tree structure is the obvious answer, which will usually be justified by evolutionary considerations. In this connection, I should like to draw attention to the work of Cavalli-Sforza and Piazza (1975) on what they called treeness. Although it has not been of much practical importance, their treeness test is an interesting application of the idea that a distance matrix contains within it evidence about any underlying tree structure that is amenable to statistical testing. An accessible account is contained in Cavalli-Sforza et al. (1994). 

In a further case relating to the structure of data stored on or in a record carrier used in a picture retrieval system, the European Patent Office s Boards of Appeal have considered the issue of patentability of a data structure [22]. Initially the patent application had been rejected on the grounds that the presentation of data was excluded from patentability (see above). However, in accepting an appeal filed by the patent applicant, the Board pointed out that there was a difference between the functional data, which controlled the technical working of the system, and the cognitive information, which represented the picture that could be retrieved and displayed. The Board stated that functional data relates to data that control the technical operation of the system. These data do not relate to the presentation of information, and thus data structures containing this information should be patentable. On the other hand, the cognitive information relates to the picture that could be retrieved and displayed. 

R. Forsyth and R. Rada, Machine Learning Applications in Expert Systems and Information Retrieval. Ellis Horwood Series in Artificial Intelligence. Ellis Horwood, Wiley, Chichester, 1986. 

Reaction Retrieval Systems - A classical application of computers in chemistry is information retrieval, and chemical reactions are amenable to this type of treatment.34 when a strategic plan for synthesis has been established, there is still a need for detailed consideration of reagents and reaction conditions - and a Theilheimer type system may be best for this purpose. Such a file of reactions is typically searched by type of starting material, type of product, type of reaction, or conditions. Such a system usually contains very specific reactions of... 

Type-1 fuzzy logic has been used successfully in a wide range of problems such as control system design, decision making, classification, system modelling and information retrieval [12, 31]. However, type-1 approach is not fully able to model uncertainties directly and minimise its effects [28]. These uncertainties exist in a large number of real-world applications. Uncertainties can be a result of [28] ... 

Other types of applications which are dependent on access to a centralized data base (e.g., information retrieval) or requiring the sharing of information between users (e.g., office automation) implicitly require solution of problems such as connectivity and open systems architectures before they can be successfully implemented as applications in distributed systems. In such a system the user should be able to access and process data through a consistent user interface whether the data is stored in a local file, a centralized company file or a publicly available file and be able to move data and queries seamlessly from one application package to another. The ease of transporting data and queries between applications increases if standard exchange formats and standard data representations are available but open architecture becomes a reality only when software producers are compelled to adopt these standards as a result of pressure from their users. 

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