Cancer prostatic

Prosta.te Ca.ncer, Estrogen has an inhibitory effect on the prostate in addition to its suppression of gonadotropin secretion by the pituitary. The three- and five-year survival rates in prostate cancer patients with metastatic disease improved when treated with DES (7) alone or along with castration. However, DES does not improve the survival rates in patients whose carcinoma is confined to the prostate. Small doses of DES (1 mg/d) appear to retard prostate cancer growth and could reduce the cardiovascular complications associated with larger doses (5 mg/d) (135) (see... 

The incidence of prostate cancer also appears to have risen in many countries. "... 

Prostate Cancer. Evidence that phytoestrogens can influence the incidence of male-speciflc diseases is restricted to prostate cancer, and is largely of an observational nature. In the UK, prostate cancer is the most common hormone-related cancer in men. However, like breast cancer in women, it is comparatively rare as a clinically evident disease in men living in Asian countries. 

Several studies have investigated the role of dietary factors in prostate cancer risk, but results appear inconsistent. Significant effects have not been detected for dietary soya products certain vegetables, beans, fruit, rice and seaweed appear to be protective in some studies, while another has shown no protective effect from seaweed or vegetable consumption. In addition, a number of other risk factors have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of this cancer, including meat and dairy products and carotenoids. 

The majority of promising drug candidates emerging from marine natural products research to date are potential cancer treatments. Six anti-cancer compounds that are either marine natural products or synthetic analogs of marine natural products have made it to clinical trials. The first of these compounds to enter clinical trials was didemnin B (43), one of a family of cyclic depsipetides isolated from the Caribbean tunicate Trididemnum solidum Didemnin B was advanced to Phase II clinical trials for treatment of small cell lung cancer, myeloma, prostate cancer, and melanoma. Unfortunately, no favorable responses were found so the compound has been withdrawn. Crude extracts of another Caribbean tunicate, Ecteinascidia turbinata, showed extremely... 

Interest contmues in prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) Doxifluridine (8) was recently mtroduced and appears to be more potent and less toxic than 5 FU [10 Flutamide (9) and nilutamide (/O) are both available for the treatment of prostatic cancer [//, 12]... 

Therapeutic Function Estrogen used in hormone therapy for prostate cancer Chemical Name 4,4 -(1,2-Diethyl-1,1-ethenediyl)bisphenol-bis(dihydrogen phosphate) Common Name Fosfestrol Structural Formula ... 

Leuprolide is a synthetic nonapeptide used to treat both endometriosis in women and prostate cancer in men. 

Glucocorticoids have inhibitory (apoptotic) effects on lymphocyte proliferation and are used to treat leukemias and lymphomas. Estrogens (fosfestrol) are used to block the effect of androgens in prostate cancer. Progestogens (megestrol, medroxyprogesteroneacetate) have been useful for treating endometrial carcinoma, renal tumors, and breast cancer. 

Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogs (goserelin, buserelin, leuprorelin, triptorelin) inhibit gonadotropin release and thus lower testosterone or estrogen levels. They are used to treat breast cancer and prostate cancer. 

Hormone antagonists (tamoxifen and toremifen bind to the estradiol receptor, flutamide binds to the androgen receptor) are used for treating breast and prostate cancer. 

Cancer Neuroblastoma, leukemia, brain tumors and prostate cancer (A) ... 

In malignant prostate epithelial cells, auto- and paracrine release of ET-1 is a critical factor in ETA receptor-mediated proliferation [5]. In addition, the ET-1/ETa receptor axis has emerged as a potential target in prostate cancer bone metastasis... 

As endothelins mediate potent vasoconstrictor effects, ECE inhibitors and endothelin receptor antagonists were developed for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as acute and chronic heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and subarachnoid haemorrhage. As ETa recqrtors have potent mitogenic responses and may promote progression of ovarian and prostate cancer and bone metastases ETA receptors are also considered as a potential targets for anti-tumour activity. 

ABT-627 (Atrasentan) Abbott Laboratories, USA ETA receptor Hormone-refractory prostate cancer, stage IV (phase III)... 

PA S1 S01.251 Prostase Proposed for use in vaccine strategies against prostate cancer... 

Acid- and alkaline phosphatases act on a variety of mono- and multiple phosphate carrying low molecular mass molecules. In addition, they hydrolyze many, but not all, phosphoproteins. They are in use for decades to easily screen for diseases, however, somewhat unspe-cifially. For instance, acid phosphatase is used as biomarker for prostate cancer, and alkaline phosphatase to monitor bone (de-) mineralization and liver tumors. 

In clinical use are pure and partial agonists and antagonists (see individual SHR) as contraceptives, treatment for hormonal ablation in breast and prostate cancer, and HRT in osteoporosis. 

TRPV5 and TRPV6, also known as the epithelial Ca2+ channel or ECaC (TRPV5) and Ca2+transporter 1 or Ca2+ transporter-like (TRPV6), are the only two Ca2+-selective TRP channels identified so far. They may function in vitamin D-dependent transcellular transport of Ca2+in kidney, intestine and placenta. TRPV6 is also expressed in pancreatic acinar cells, and in prostate cancer, but not in healthy prostate or in benign prostate hyperplasia. 

Older men treated with the steroids are at increased risk for prostate enlargement and prostate cancer. 

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