Prostatic cancer animals

Population studies associate tomato consumption with reduced risk to prostate cancer. The most positive associations have come from cohort studies performed before the prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-screening era, and these studies have suggested that the tomato/lycopene effect was the strongest for clinically relevant prostate cancers (Giovannucci 2007). Small human studies have shown in vivo antioxidant effects for tomato products but evidence for lycopene alone is weak (Chen et al. 2001, Porrini and Riso 2000, Riso et al. 2004, Zhao et al. 2006). Animal and tissue culture studies have been... 

An association between meat use and fatal prostate cancer is evident in Table II, although it is not statistically significant. Additional analyses (not shown on table) show a similar degree of association between use of other animal products (eggs, milk, cheese) and fatal prostate cancer. If use of all four animal products are combined into an index which reflects their combined use, a very clear relationship emerges (Table III). Thus, it appears that heavy use of all four animal products is associated with a three-fold increase in risk of fatal prostate cancer. 

Animal product use among Adventists is strongly related to risk of fatal prostate cancer. 

Rhee HW, Zhau HE, Pathak S et al (2001) Permanent phenotypic and genotypic changes of prostate cancer cells cultured in a three-dimensional rotating-wall vessel. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 37 127-140... 

These NSAID MPC-7869 (R)-flurbiprofen) is a drug candidate (Phase III) for Alzheimer disease. It affects jS-amyloid deposition and metabolism and prevents cognitive deficits in transgenic animals. It is also being evaluated in hormone-naive prostate cancer (cf. infra). ... 

After validating the database they used the connectivity map to obtain new information they queried the database with expression signatures from patients and animal models to find small molecules that were already in the database that may mimic or suppress particular diseases. In subsequent studies, they identified geduin, an HSP90 inhibitor, as a new lead compound for the treatment of prostate cancer (59) and ra-pamycin as a potential useful drug for treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia resistant to dexamethasone (60). 

Preliminary in vitro and animal studies of the effects of silymarin and silybinin have been carried out with several cancer cell lines. In murine models of skin cancer, silybinin and silymarin were said to reduce tumor initiation and promotion. Induction of apoptosis has also been reported using silymarin in a variety of malignant human cell lines (eg, melanoma, prostate, leukemia cells, bladder transitional-cell papilloma cells, and hepatoma cells). Inhibition of cell growth and proliferation by inducing a Gx cell cycle arrest has also been claimed in cultured human breast and prostate cancer cell lines. The use of milk thistle in the clinical treatment of cancer has not yet been adequately studied but preliminary trials are under way. 

A major food safety issue addressed by the European Union concerns the increase in the level of circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) in the target animal and its increased excretion in the milk as a consequence of the administration of rBST. There has been epidemiological evidence for an association between circulating IGF-I levels and the relative risk of breast and prostate cancer (34-36). 

Health Study (Gann et al., 1994) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (Giovannacci et al., 1993) eating red meat also emerged as a risk factor for prostate cancer. Leitzmann et al. (2004) reported that the ALA from both plant and animal sources was suggestively associated with an increased risk of advanced prostate cancer. However, total prostate cancer risk or early stage prostate cancer was not associated with ALA intake. 

Similar to cancer at other sites, there are strong correlations between per capitut fat intake and prostate cancer deaths in international comparative studies (Kolonel, 2001 Kushi and Giovannucci, 2002). Early case-control studies often showed positive associations between prostate cancer risk and total, animal, and saturated fat intake. However, in later studies in which energy intake was adjusted, only two of five found an increased risk for total fat intake, whereas two of eight found an increase in the risk of prostate cancer with animal fat intake (Kolonel, 2001). 

Unlike colon and breast cancer, there is a lack of suitable animal models for mechanistic and dietary studies on prostate cancer. Studies that have investigated dietary fat intake and the role of individual fatty acids on prostate cancer risk have produced inconsistent results. 

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