Biopsies, prostate cancer

Transrectal prostate needle biopsy to be done if the patient has areas of nodularity or induration on digital rectal examination tissue biopsy can document the presence of prostate cancer, which can also cause enlargement of the prostate... 

Prostate needle biopsy Transrectally, a biopsy needle is inserted into the prostate. Tissue core is sent to a pathologist for analysis A normal prostate should have no evidence of BPH or prostate cancer The biopsy is consistent with BPH... 

PSA determination can be used to investigate the necessity for a prostate biopsy. PSA is considered a useful analyte in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer however, increased serum concentrations of PSA are also seen in patients without cancer of the prostate (e.g., patients with bacterial prostatitis or benign... 

Slater MD, Murphy CR. Co-expression of interleukin-6 and human growth hormone in apparently normal prostate biopsies that ultimately progress to prostate cancer using low pH, high temperature antigen retrieval. /. Mol. Histol. 2006 37 37-41. 

Capromab pendetide is a murine monoclonal antibody specific for prostate specific membrane antigen. It is coupled to isotopic indium (111In) and is used in immunoscintigraphy for patients with biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer and post-prostatectomy in patients with rising prostate specific antibody level to determine extent of disease. 

Finasteride reduces serum prostate-specific antigen concentrations (60). In participants in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial who had an end of study biopsy (928... 

King, C. R. 2000. Patterns of prostate cancer biopsy grading Trends and clinical implications, hit. J. Cancer 90 305-311. 

In the clinic, PK/PD relationships with the direct pharmacological effect, reduction of target mRNA and protein as the response measure, have been demonstrated in two studies with 2 -MOE partially modified ASOs [42, 50]. In a Phase Ila study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ISIS 104838 was targeted at the mRNA of TNF-a (a cytokine which is important in immune response and inflammation). The results showed that TNF-a mRNA and protein reduction in synovial tissue biopsies correlated positively with concentrations of ISIS 104838 in the synovial tissues [50]. Another investigation of PK/PD relationships was conducted in a Phase II doseranging study in prostate cancer patients treated with OGX-Oll, a 2 -MOE partially... 

Figure 11.25. Raman microspectroscopy of a human tissue slice from a prostate cancer biopsy specimen mounted in paraffin. Scale on video image is in microns.

Stephan C, Cammann H, Semjonow A, et al. Multicenter evaluation of an artificial neural network to increase the prostate cancer detection rate and reduce unnecessary biopsies. Cfin Chem 2002 48 1279-87. 

Nishiyama et al. (2004) set out to quantitate DHT in human serum and prostate biopsy tissue using LC-MS with charged derivatization to the A-methylpyridinium derivative. Prostate tissue DHT was dissolved in alkaline solution, extracted by SPE and derivatized before LC-MS analysis [ESI, positive ion mode, selected reaction monitoring (SRM)]. Pretreatment values in patients with N = 69) or without N = 34) prostate cancer were, for serum DHT, 423.9 pg mL ( 1.46 nmol L ) with SD 243.2 pg mL (< 0.84 nmol L ) or... 

Transperianal or transrectal prostate biopsy is necessary to confirm a prostate cancer diagnosis and to grade the tumor specimen. TRUS-guided biopsies of hypoechoic areas may help define extraprostatic extension. For patients with visceral or lytic metastases, these lesions may be biopsied, because this presentation is common for one... 

D.K. Ornstein, J. Kang, How to improve prostate biopsy detection of prostate cancer, Gurr. Urology Rep. 2 (2001) 218. 

The mean number of microscopic blood vessels in tissue is higher in prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) than normal prostate tissue. In a study evaluating microvessel density (MVD) on needle biopsy the authors found MVD, when combined with Gleason score and preoperative PSA, provided improved ability to predict extraprostatic extension at radical prostatectomy. " Although microvessel density was significant in the multivariate analysis, Gleason score and serum PSA were much more powerful predictors of extraprostatic... 

Magi-Galluzzi C, Luo J, Isaacs WB, et al. Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase a variably sensitive immunohistochemical marker for the diagnosis of small prostate cancer foci on needle biopsy. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003 27 1128. 

---