Survival rates, five-year

Prosta.te Ca.ncer, Estrogen has an inhibitory effect on the prostate in addition to its suppression of gonadotropin secretion by the pituitary. The three- and five-year survival rates in prostate cancer patients with metastatic disease improved when treated with DES (7) alone or along with castration. However, DES does not improve the survival rates in patients whose carcinoma is confined to the prostate. Small doses of DES (1 mg/d) appear to retard prostate cancer growth and could reduce the cardiovascular complications associated with larger doses (5 mg/d) (135) (see... 

In a puzzling phenomenon, the insecticide did not stay where it was sprayed. In the five years between DDT s release for civilian use in 1945 and 1950, DDT used against flies in cow barns reappeared in cows milk. DDT was linked to fish-eating birds of prey that produced fewer or no young. Princeton, New Jersey, used 4.5 pounds of DDT per Dutch elm tree per year, and scientists found DDT in the tissue of dead birds and a nestling survival rate of only 44 percent. 

Groups of 50 male and 50 female Fischer 344/N rats, six weeks of age, were administered diethanolamine (purity, > 99%) in 95% ethanol by dermal application on five days per week for two years. Males received 0, 16, 32 or 64 mg/kg bw and females 0, 8, 16 or 32 mg/kg bw. Survival rates for dosed male and female groups were similar to those of corresponding vehicle control groups. The mean body weight... 

More recent series have also documented a survival advantage (7-9). Hoye et al. in 874 consecutive patients with a CTO found a five-year survival in 93.5% of patients with successful revascularization versus 88.0% in these patients with failed revascularization (p = 0.02). In a Canadian registry of 1458 patients at seven year, successful recanalization of a chronic total occlusion was associated with improved survival as well as lower rates of PCI and/or CABG (9). In addition to survival advantage, both regional and global left ventricular function is improved in patients with successful treatment of a chronic total occlusion (10). This improvement may depend on whether the patient had a prior infarction in the distribution of the occlusion (II). If prior infarction resulted in frank myocardial necrosis, then recanalization may not improve the function however, many patients with chronic occlusion have preservation of regional wall function. 

The prognosis for alcoholic fatty liver is good when abstention is uncompromisingly maintained, and complete reversibility can be expected within a few weeks or months. In contrast, alcoholic hepatitis has a fatal outcome in 10-20% of cases. When alcohol consumption is continued, about 40% of patients develop cirrhosis, while some 60% persist for several years. However, when alcohol abstention is maintained, only 15-20% of cases develop cirrhosis, some 50-60% persist for up to 3 years, and 20-30% recover completely. Half of the persistent cases normalize again. There is a five-year survival rate in 50-70% of patients (depending on severity), with the mortality rate remaining almost constant after the third year. In alcoholic cirrhosis, the two-year mortality rate can reach 85% with continued alcohol consumption, but falls to 10% with strict abstention. (2)... 

Patients suffering from alcoholic liver cirrhosis in the Child-Pugh C stage may well have a chance of liver transplantation. However, prerequisites are (I.) a minimum period of 6 months and (predictable) continued abstention, (2.) emotional stability, (2.) stable socio-economic situation, (4.) no other alcohol-induced organ damage, and (5.) subsequent psychotherapeutic support. Treatment results are no worse than in non-alcoholic patients the five-year survival rate is about 70% in both groups, the alcohol relapse rate is about 10%. Without liver transplantation, the survival rate with continued alcohol consumption was 40% after 5 years, and when abstention was maintained, it was 63%. (42, 79, 103, 111, 113, 141)... 

Clinical experience following kidney transplantation suggests that primary prophylaxis with tacrolimus results in 1-year graft and patient survival rates that are equivalent to those achieved with Cy A therapy, although with lower rates of acute rejection episodes.Five-year follow-up data suggest improved graft survival with tacrolimus compared with Cy A. Nephrotoxicity, hypertension, and posttransplant diabetes mellitus may occur and v/ere reported commonly in the early studies. ... 

The US Bureau of the Census, International Database (1996) (National Center for Health Statistics, 1996) projected that, for the year 2020, the less-developed countries would contain only 16.4% of the world population compared to 27.1 % in 1996, and that by 2020 the mean age of the population in more developed countries would be 42 years, up from 36 years in 1996. In developed regions, the elderly would outnumber young children by 8 1, for example in Italy, based on current fertility and survival rates, only 2% of the population would be five years or younger, but 40% would be 65 years and older. 

The duration of consolidative chemotherapy has been evaluated in several studies. In advanced ovarian cancer, the administration of five cycles of cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and doxorubicin was equally effective and less toxic as compared to 10 cycles of chemotherapy. Six to nine cycles of chemotherapy has become the standard approach and results in clinical response rates of approximately 60% to 70%, with 5-year survival rates of 10% to 20%. Because approximately 50% of patients with a confirmed pathologic response will ultimately relapse, chemotherapy may be extended for two or three cycles beyond best response. ... 

TABLE 15.5. Five-Year Survival Rates for Selected Cancers—United States, 1996-2004 (SEER 2008)... 

The prevalence of IPAH is one to two cases per million. The NIH cohort survival rates in untreated patients are poor, with a one-year survival rate of 68%, three-year survival rate of 48% and five-year survival rate of 34%. Survival is related to baseline functional status at the time of diagnosis, such that patients who present as functional... 

Five-year survival rates of cases diagnosed during 1976-1981. Estimated new cases for 1985. c Invasive only. 

Azathioprine is indicated in renal homotransplantation (five-year patient survival rate of 35%) in rheumatoid arthritis (for patients with severe, active, and erosive disease not responding to conventional therapies) and in chronic ulcerative colitis, myasthenia gravis, and Behcet s syndrome (adverse effects may offset its limited value). As with other cytotoxic drugs, azathioprine can affect rapidly growing cells, resulting in leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and gastrointestinal toxicity. In addition, hepatotoxicity (cholestasis) has been reported. Many of the general problems of immunosuppression, such as increased risk of infections, can also occur. 

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