Prostate cancer monoclonal antibodies

Capromab pendetide is a murine monoclonal antibody specific for prostate specific membrane antigen. It is coupled to isotopic indium (111In) and is used in immunoscintigraphy for patients with biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer and post-prostatectomy in patients with rising prostate specific antibody level to determine extent of disease. 

Hakalahti, L., and Vihko, P. (1989). Purification of monoclonal antibodies raised against prostate-specific acid phosphatase for use in vivo in radioimaging of prostatic cancer. ]. Immunol. Methods 117, 131-136. 

Peng D, Fan Z, Lu Y, DeBlasio T, Scher H, Mendelsohn J. 1996. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody 225 up-regulates p27KIPl and induces G1 arrest in prostatic cancer cell line DU145. Cancer Res. 56 3666-69... 

With few exceptions, an increase in the activity or mass of an enzyme or isoenzyme is not specific or sensitive enough to be used for identifying the type of cancer or the specific organ involvement. An exception is PSA. PSA has mild protease activity and amino acid sequence homology with serine protease of the kallikrein family.It is expressed by normal, benign, hyperplastic, and cancerous prostate glands and minimally by other tissue. Until the application of PSA as a marker for prostate cancer, tumor enzymes had lost most of their popularity for use as cancer markers. Enzymes were used historically as tumor markers before the discovery of oncofetal antigens and the advent of monoclonal antibodies. The abnormalities of enzymes as a marker for cancer are either the expression of the fetal form of the enzyme (isozyme) or the ectopic production of enzymes. 

A. C. (1987) Radioimmunological imaging of metastatic prostate cancer with lllindium-labeled monoclonal antibody PAY 216. J. Urol. 137,439 143. 

Chan TY, Mikolajczyk SD, Lecksell K, et al. Immunohistochemical staining of prostate cancer with monoclonal antibodies to the precursor of prostate-specific antigen. Urology. 2003 62 177-181. 

Horoszewicz JS, Kawinski E, Murphy GP. Monoclonal antibodies to a new antigenic marker in epithelial prostatic cells and serum of prostatic cancer patients. Anticancer Res. 1987 7 927-935. 

Bander NH. Technology insight monoclonal antibody imaging of prostate cancer. Nat Clin Pract Urol. 2006 3 216. 

Bander NH, Milowsky MI, Nanus DM, et al. Phase I trial of 177lutetium-labeled J591, a monoclonal antibody to prostate-specific membrane antigen, in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. / Clin Oncol. 2005 23 4591. 

Elsasser-Beile U, Wolf P, Gierschner D, et al. A new generation of monoclonal and recombinant antibodies against cell-adherent prostate specific membrane antigen for diagnostic and therapeutic targeting of prostate cancer. Prostate. 2006 66 1359. 

Ikegami S, Yamakami K, Ono T, et al. Targeting gene therapy for prostate cancer cells by liposomes complexed with antiprostate-specific membrane antigen monoclonal antibody. Hum Gene Ther. 2006 17 997. 

Milowsky M, Nanus DM, Kostakoglu L, Val-labhajosula S, Goldsmith SJ, Bander NH. Phase 1 trial of yttrium-90-labeled anti-pros-tate-specific membrane antigen monoclonal antibody J591 for androgen-independent prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004 22 2522-2531. 

Deb N, Goris M, Trisler K, Fowler S, Saal J, Ning S, et al. Treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer with °Y-CYT-356 monoclonal antibody. Clin Cancer Res 1996 2 1289-1297. 

Gong, M.C., Chang, S.S., Sadelain, M., Bander, N. H., and Heston, W. D. (1999) Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-specific monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of prostate and other cancers, Cancer Metastasis Rev 18, 483 190. 

Bevacizumab - monoclonal antibody treatment of colorectal cancer Bezafibrate - lipid lowering drug Bicalutamide - chemotherapy of prostate cancer Bisacodyl - stimulant laxative... 

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