Potential targets

The simple cases where one enzyme is employed afford a limited scope of potential targets. Usually two or more enzyme reactions are coupled, as exemplified by the development of a piezoelectricaHy-transduced biocatalytic biosensor that couples two enzyme reactions to detect glucose [492-62-6] ... 

The use of chemical agents in battie imposes a significant burden on troops because of the cumbersome nature of the protective clothing and the attendant heat load in hot climate situations. This factor alone imposes a burden on potential target personnel, lowering their effectiveness. U.S. troops in the 1991 Mideast war Desert Storm were provided with protective gear that did not deter them with regard to the outcome of the action. 

Whereas there are numerous examples of the application of the products from diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction in synthesis [7, 8], there are only very few examples on the application of the products from metal-catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction in the synthesis of potential target molecules. The reason for this may be due to the fact that most metal-catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction have been carried out on model systems that have not been optimized for further derivatization. One exception of this is the synthesis of a / -lactam by Kobayashi and Kawamura [84]. The isoxazoli-dine endo-21h, which was obtained in 96% ee from the Yb(OTf)3-BINOL-catalyzed... 

Antisense Oligonucleotides. Table 1 Malignant disorders as potential targets for ribozyme gene therapy... 

In malignant prostate epithelial cells, auto- and paracrine release of ET-1 is a critical factor in ETA receptor-mediated proliferation [5]. In addition, the ET-1/ETa receptor axis has emerged as a potential target in prostate cancer bone metastasis... 

As endothelins mediate potent vasoconstrictor effects, ECE inhibitors and endothelin receptor antagonists were developed for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as acute and chronic heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and subarachnoid haemorrhage. As ETa recqrtors have potent mitogenic responses and may promote progression of ovarian and prostate cancer and bone metastases ETA receptors are also considered as a potential targets for anti-tumour activity. 

Historically ganglionic nAChR have been targets for treating hypertension. The discovery of a large family of nAChR subtypes in the CNS, coupled with observations that nicotine has anti-nociceptive, neuro-protective and cognitive effects, has led to the recognition that neuronal nAChR are potential targets... 

MA M12 M12.133 Fibrolase (Agkistrodon contortrix) Potential target for vaccine development. 

By understanding a disease or a condition at the molecular level, it then becomes possible to identify potential targets that could be exploited to achieve a desired therapeutic effect. 

Virus maturation and assembly at the cell membrane or the nuclear membrane has long been seen as a potential target for antiviral compounds. For the virus to mature and be released in a conformation that will insure stability and survival of the viral genome in the exttacellular enviromnent, the protein subunits of the capsid or nucle-ocapsids have to be transported to the assembly point where they will form the final particles around the viral nucleic acid. If this process does not occur in an orderly and programmed manner, the capsid subunits will not form the required multimers and the viral components will become targets for the cellular disposal mechanisms. 

Our goal in this chapter is to describe mechanisms through which marine toxins may act on ion channels. Examples often cite the actions of specific toxins, but sometimes a potential target will be noted or the effects of a non-marine toxin described. Since new toxins are reported regularly, a broad basis for the actions of future discoveries seems to us appropriate here. 

Radiation exposure can be reduced by placing the radiation source or the potential target behind a shield that captures the radiation. During exposure to X rays for dental imaging, the patient wears a lead-lined pad, because X rays are absorbed more effectively by lead than by any other material. A lead shield a few millimeters thick is sufficient to stop X rays. 

We have already stressed the potential importance of lipid-rich membranes in the skin as potential targets for ROS-induced damage and ageing of human skin is morphologically identical to changes found by peroxidative processes (Serri et al., 1977). The involvement of AA metabolites in skin disease, and in particular psoriasis, has been the subject of much recent interest. Studies have included topical and intradermal administrations of AA metabolites, and assay of such products in clinical specimens. Results show that concentration of AA, 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), PG and leu-kotrienes are increased in psoriatic lesions (Hammarstrom etal., 1975 Camp etal., 1983 Brain etal., 1984 Duell et al., 1988) and also that full-thickness epidermis from normal and diseased skin has the enzymatic capacity to convert AA to some of the same metabolites (Hammarstrom etal., 1975, 1979 Camp etal., 1983 Brain etal., 1984 Ziboh et al., 1984 DueU et al., 1988). The biological effect of both 12-HETE and leukotrienes was confirmed by both topical application and intradermal injection, which caused epidermal inflammation and... 

In conclusion, the role of chemokines and their receptors continue to be investigated in asthmatic diseases. The role of specific chemokine receptor/ ligand systems will depend upon the nature of the inciting stimulus (i.e., non-infectious vs. infectious), as well as the intracellular (viral) versus extracellular (fungal) nature of microbes. Given the broad nature of the classification of asthmatic disease, a number of chemokine receptors as potential targets continue to be relevant. 

Rao J, Li N. Microfilament actin remodeling as a potential target for cancer drug development. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2004 4(4) 345-354. 

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