Prostate cancer aberrations

Murphy, TM, AS Perry, and M Lawler. 2008. The emergence of DNA methylation as a key modulator of aberrant cell death in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 15 11-25. 

The cell death signals can be associated with malfunctioning of both RyRs and InsP3Rs. For example, an aberrant activity of RyRs was shown to trigger apoptotic and necrotic cell death in CHO cell lines and in prostate cancer cell line LNCaP (Mariot et al., 2000 Pan et al., 2000). Incidentally, cytosolic Ca2+ buffering prevented necrosis, but did not affect apoptosis, indicating a specific role of ER Ca2+ depletion in the initiation of the latter (Pan et al., 2000). 

Androgen receptor aberrations in structure or content may modify androgen action and in the prostate may lead to an increase in cancer. It is proposed that a disequilibrium in the CAG repeat lengths in the transactivation domain of the AR gene may be involved in the development of prostate cancer (S21). Other aberrations which can be involved in the progression of tumors from an... 

Fig. 3. Risk factors and AR aberrations in progression from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent prostate cancer.

Severe inflammation, excess amount of bacteria, crystal-luria, hematuria, poor preservation of cells, and poor cellularity (<50 cells) are some of the causes of test failure. Prior radiation therapy in patients with a history of prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, or local/systemic chemotherapy can cause persistent chromosomal aberrations that can lead to erroneous false-positive test results. One should exercise caution to obtain a proper history. Seminal vesicle cells can look highly atypical or aneuploid, which can also lead to similar false-positive results. Presence of the characteristic golden yellow pigment in the cytoplasm serves as a clue for identifying these cells. 

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