Prostate cancer benign hyperplasia

TRPV5 and TRPV6, also known as the epithelial Ca2+ channel or ECaC (TRPV5) and Ca2+transporter 1 or Ca2+ transporter-like (TRPV6), are the only two Ca2+-selective TRP channels identified so far. They may function in vitamin D-dependent transcellular transport of Ca2+in kidney, intestine and placenta. TRPV6 is also expressed in pancreatic acinar cells, and in prostate cancer, but not in healthy prostate or in benign prostate hyperplasia. 

HABERMANN H, RAY V, HABERMANN w and PRiNS G s (2001) Alterations in gap junction protein expression in human benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. J Urol 166(6) 2267-72. 

Enlarged prostate on digital rectal exam check for prostate nodules or induration, which would suggest prostate cancer instead of benign prostatic hyperplasia as the cause of the patient s voiding symptoms... 

Unless the sphincter mechanism is compromised by surgery or trauma, SUI is exceedingly rare in males. The most common surgeries predisposing to SUI in males are radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer and transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia. 

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common problems of elderly men, affecting more than 40% of men over age 70. BPH results in the urinary symptoms of hesitancy and frequency. Since prostate cancer affects a similar age group and often has similar presenting symptoms, the presence of BPH often complicates the diagnosis of prostate cancer, although it does not appear to increase the risk of developing prostate cancer.2,5... 

Before starting testosterone replacement, patients 40 years and older should be screened for benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. To ensure an adequate treatment trial, the patient should continue treatment for 2 to 3 months. 

Urethral overactivity and/or bladder underactivity is known as overflow incontinence. The bladder is filled to capacity but is unable to empty, causing urine to leak from a distended bladder past a normal outlet and sphincter. Common causes of urethral overactivity include benign prostatic hyperplasia (see Chap. 82) prostate cancer (see Chap. 65) and, in women, cystocele formation or surgical overcorrection after UI surgery. 

Kuzmin, and R. R. Amdiy. Early urodynamic effects of the lipido-ste-rolic extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon ) in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2000 3(3) 195-199. 

Finasteride is a selective inhibitor of 5-alpha-reductase. It thereby reduces prostatic concentrations of dihydrotestosterone and so reduces prostatic size (6,7,8). It is therefore used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (9,10,11,12) and in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer (13). It is poorly effective in patients with prostatic obstruction and small prostate glands (14), but in patients with glands larger than 40 ml it produces significant symptomatic improvement. 

Furthermore, overexpression of S100A8 and S100A9 was also reported in various types of cancers contributing to their development and progression. They were suggested to be novel diagnostic markers when measured in the serum of patients with prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) (Hermani et al., 2005). 

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is one of the most reliable cancer-specific molecular markers. PSA expression is, for the most part, restricted to the prostate and elevated serum PSA indicates the possibility of malignant prostate cancer. Use of serum PSA as a diagnostic tool is still controversial since PSA levels are also elevated in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH),... 

The effects of DHEA on the prostate are still unknown. However, since DHEA supplementation can increase mean testosterone levels, it might contribute to increased prostate cell growth, and worsening of prostate cancer must be considered. Because the ultimate effects are unknown, patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia should avoid using DHEA. If a patient uses DHEA therapy, he should be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of prostate disease. 

Luo J, Duggan DJ, Chen Y, Sauvageot J, Ewing CM, Bittner ML, Trent JM, Isaacs WB. Human prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia molecular dissection by gene expression profiling. Cancer Res 2001 61 4683-4688. 

The use of proteomics in prostate cancer, the most common cancer in men, was reviewed [94]. In vitro studies on prostate cell lines provided positive proof-of-principle results in the identification of novel biomarker when proteomics was utilized to query prostate tissue specimens. 2D-PAGE followed by MS was used to investigate protein profiles in voided urine after prostatic massage in patients with prostate cancer or with benign prostatic hyperplasia [95]. In this study, a potential novel cancer biomarker, calgranulin B/MRP-14, was identified. In another study, agarose 2D-gel... 

Wll. Wilson, J. D., The patogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia Am. J. Med. 68,745—747 (1980). W12. Wolk, A., Mantrozoros, C. S., Andersson, S.-O., Bergstrom, R., Signorello, L. B., et al., Insulin-like growth factor 1 and prostate cancer risk A population-based, case control study. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 90, 911-915 (1998). 

Adam B-L, Qu, Y., Davis, J. W., Ward, M. D., Clements, M. A., Cazares, L. H., Semmes, O. J., Schellhammer, P. F., Yasui, Y., Feng, Z., etal. (2002). Serum protein fingerprinting coupled with a pattern-matching algorithm distinguishes prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia and healthy men. Cancer Res. 62, 3609-3614. 

---