Prostate cancer clinical presentation

Rebbeck TR, Jaffe JM, Walker AH, Wein AJ, Malkowicz SB. Modification of clinical presentation of prostate tumours by a novel genetic variant in CYP3A4. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998 90 1225-1229. 

Presently it is under Phase 1 clinical trials for breast and prostate cancer. It has shown inhibitory activity for cancer cell growth and proliferation. The mechanism of anticancer activity is believed to be the... 

Cytokines have been under clinical investigation as adjuvants to vaccines, and IFNs and IL-2 have shown some positive effects in the response of human subjects to hepatitis vaccine. IL-12 and GM-CSF have also shown adjuvant effects with vaccines. GM-CSF is of particular interest because it promotes recruitment of professional antigen-presenting cells such as the dendritic cells required for priming naive antigen-specific T-lymphocyte responses. There are some claims that GM-CSF can itself stimulate an antitumor immune response, resulting in tumor regression in melanoma and prostate cancer. 

Tasquinimod (structure shown in Fig. 4) is a second-generation orally active quinoline-3-carboxamide analog with enhanced potency against prostate cancer via its antiangiogenic activity. It is presently undergoing clinical trials [35]. Androgen ablation and taxanes are standard therapies for metastatic prostate cancer [36]. 

Table 9 shows the number of abnormal total and prostatic acid phosphatase values in male individuals who had presented themselves at a cancer clinic and who on examination showed no benign prostatic hypertrophy (D6). Because of the possibility that, in accordance with Fishman and his associates concept (F3), these abnormal values for the prostatic portion might be a forerunner of advancing disease, determinations were repeated after various intervals. The individual with an initial prostatic acid phosphatase value of 1.14 units showed a value of 0.36 units 5 weeks later and a value of 0.30 units 6 weeks after his first visit. 

Ung JO, Richie JP, Chen MH, et al. Evolution of the presentation and pathologic and biochemical outcomes after radical prostatectomy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer diagnosed during the PSA era. Urology 2002 60 458-463. 

There has long been the belief that DES may have a direct local action on the prostatic cancer, and it has been claimed [40] that orchidectomy and DES was clinically more effective than either form of therapy alone. The rationale behind the use of fosfestrol (DES 4,4 -diphosphoric acid ester, Honvan, (2)) in large doses (200 mg daily) is that the free and locally active form of the drug DES would be released within the tissue by the high concentrations of phosphatases present in prostatic cells. There is little evidence that fosfestrol accumulates in the prostate or that DES is released in reasonable concentrations [41]. Such evidence, however, still does not preclude the possibility that DES has a cytotoxic action in the prostatic cell and studies continue to attempt to identify this effect. 

Johannsen, M. Gneveckow, U. Eckelt, L. Feussner, A. Waldofner, N. Scholz, R. Deger, S. Wust, R Loening, S. A. Jordan, A. Clinical hyperthermia of prostate cancer using magnetic nanoparticles presentation of a new interstitial technique. Int. J. Hyperther. 2005, 21, 637-647. 

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