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Naphtha,

Naphtha is a generic term applied to a refined or partly refined petroleum product (Fig. 1) that distills below 240°C (465°F) under standardized distillation conditions. [Pg.339]

Naphtha is valuable for solvents because of its good dissolving power. The wide range of naphthas available, from the ordinary paraffinic straight-run to the highly aromatic types, and the varying degree of volatility possible offer products suitable for many uses. [Pg.339]

Naphtha is divided into two main types, aliphatic and aromatic. Aliphatic naphtha is composed of paraffinic hydrocarbons and cycloparaffins (naphthenes), and may be obtained directly from crude petroleum by distillation. Aromatic naphtha contains aromatics, usually alkyl-substituted benzene, and is very rarely, if at all, obtained from petroleum as straight-run materials often reforming is necessary (Fig. 2). [Pg.339]

In general, naphtha may be manufactured by any one of several methods, including  [Pg.339]

Fractionation of straight-run, cracked, and reforming distillates, or even fractionation of crude petroleum [Pg.339]

The so-called petroleum ether solvents are specific-boiUng-range naphtha as is ligroin. Thus the term petroleum solvent describes special liquid hydrocarbon fractions obtained from naphtha and used in industrial processes and formulations (Weissermel and Arpe, 1978). These fractions are also referred to as industrial naphtha. Other solvents include white spirit, which is subdivided into industrial spirit [distilling between 30°C and 200°C (86°F-392°F)] and white spirit [light oil with a distillation range of 135°C-200°C (275°F-392°F)]. The special value of naphtha as a solvent lies in its stability and purity. [Pg.85]

In this chapter, references to the various test methods dedicated to the determination of the amounts of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen (ASTM D-5291) as well as the determination of oxygen, sulfur, metals, and elements such as chlorine (ASTM D-808) are not included. Such tests might be deemed necessary but, in light of the various tests available for composition, are presumed to be at the discretion of the analyst. References to the various test methods are presented elsewhere (Chapter 2). [Pg.85]

Product Lower Carbon Limit Upper Carbon Limit Lower Boiling Point °C Upper Boiling Point °C Lower Boiling Point °F Upper Boiling Point °F [Pg.86]

a dark brown or black residue of toxic aromatic hydrocarbons and other compounds often used as road and roofing tar. Prilled coal tar is coal tar pitch manufactured into small globules or granules. [Pg.45]

Coal tar naphtha (71-43-2) is an indefinite term generally applied to the flammable coal tar distillates extracted at around 160 to 220°C. The term naphtha, however, is mostly applicable to petroleum products. Cresol (1319-77-3) is a mixture of methyl phenyl isomers extracted from the middle- to heavy-oil fractions (it is also derived from petroleum). Cresol is a toxic irritant and corrosive to skin and mucous membranes, which explains its common use as a disinfectant. [Pg.45]

Blau gas syn. Fischer-Tropsch gas, synthesis gas, water gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas generated from passing steam over hot coal (the word blau, an obsolete word for blow, is derived from this action). The mixture is used to generate liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons and was developed by German chemists, Fischer and Tropsch. [Pg.45]

Prilled coal tar, see also Solid Bulk Materials, [Pg.46]

see Terminology, Salts, p.247 Solid, see Terminology, Solid, p.247 Solvent, see Solvents, p.224 Sponge, see Terminology, Sponge, p.248 Tars, liquid, see Bituminous Products, p.32 [Pg.46]


Arosolvan process A process for the extraction of benzene and toluene from a mixture of aromatic and saturated hydrocarbons using a mixture of water and N-methylpyrrolidone. The process is used when naphtha is cracked to produce alkenes. To prevent extraction of alkenes these are saturated by hydrogenation prior to extraction. [Pg.41]

The procedure applies to stabilized, i.e., debutanized, crudes, but can be applied to any petroleum mixture with the exception of liquefied petroleum gas, very light naphtha, and those fractions having boiling points over 400°C. [Pg.18]

Petroleum solvents, or solvent naphthas, are grouped in four categories ... [Pg.272]

Naphthas constitute a special category of petroleum solvents whose boiling points correspond to the class of white-spirits (see paragraph 6.1). [Pg.275]

They are classified apart in this text because their use differs from that of petroleum solvents they are used as raw materials for petrochemicals, particularly as feeds to steam crackers. Naphthas are thus industrial intermediates and not consumer products. Consequently, naphthas are not subject to governmental specifications, but only to commercial specifications that are re-negotiated for each contract. Nevertheless, naphthas are in a relatively homogeneous class and represent a large enough tonnage so that the best known properties to be highlighted here. [Pg.275]

Two types of specifications are written into supply contracts for naphthas they concern the composition and the level of contaminants. [Pg.275]

Table 7.9 Specifications and test methods for naphthas. These products are industrial intermediates and are not subject to ... Table 7.9 Specifications and test methods for naphthas. These products are industrial intermediates and are not subject to ...
Properly speaking, steam cracking is not a refining process. A key petrochemical process, it has the purpose of producing ethylene, propylene, butadiene, butenes and aromatics (BTX) mainly from light fractions of crude oil (LPG, naphthas), but also from heavy fractions hydrotreated or not (paraffinic vacuum distillates, residue from hydrocracking HOC). [Pg.382]

Feedstocks are natural gas, refinery fuel gas, LPG and paraffinic naphthas. After elimination of CO2, the last traces of contaminants are converted to methane (methanation) or eliminated by adsorption on molecular sieves (PSA process). [Pg.391]

In a single stage, without liquid recycle, the conversion can be optimized between 60 and 90%. The very paraffinic residue is used to make lubricant oil bases of high viscosity index in the range of 150 N to 350 N the residue can also be used as feedstock to steam cracking plants providing ethylene and propylene yields equal to those from paraffinic naphthas, or as additional feedstock to catalytic cracking units. [Pg.391]

By-products of these processes of hydrotreating are gases, H2S, and some naphtha. The hydrogen consumption is relatively high as a function of the required performance. [Pg.402]

The flowscheme of the typical refinery during the period 1950-1970 was essentially focused on the production of gasoline, diesel oil, domestic heating oil and industrial fuel-oil. Except for heavy naphtha, the product streams underwent no deep conversion. [Pg.406]

We cite isomerization of Cs-Ce paraffinic cuts, aliphatic alkylation making isoparaffinic gasoline from C3-C5 olefins and isobutane, and etherification of C4-C5 olefins with the C1-C2 alcohols. This type of refinery can need more hydrogen than is available from naphtha reforming. Flexibility is greatly improved over the simple conventional refinery. Nonetheless some products are not eliminated, for example, the heavy fuel of marginal quality, and the conversion product qualities may not be adequate, even after severe treatment, to meet certain specifications such as the gasoline octane number, diesel cetane number, and allowable levels of certain components. [Pg.485]

Appreciable quantities are also obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of hydrogen from naphtha-gaseous hydrocarbons. In this process the gaseous hydrocarbon and superheated steam under a pressure of about 10 atmospheres and at a temperature of 1000 K are passed over a nickel-chromium catalyst. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are produced ... [Pg.180]

Some of ihe carbon monoxide and hydrogen produced in ihe steam-naphtha reforming process react to form methane ... [Pg.181]

Two other types of equilibrium curves are occasionally encountered with the system of two components forming a continuous series of solid solutions. These are shown in Figs. 1,16, 3 and 1,16, 4. In the former the freezing or melting curve passes through a minimum (examples p-chloroiodobenzene, m.p. 57° - p-dichlorobenzene, m.p. 53° naphtha-... [Pg.34]

CAUTION. Sodium must be handled with great care and under no circumstances may the metal be allowed to come into contact with water as a dangerous explosion may result. Sodium is stored under solvent naphtha or xylene it should not be handled with the fingers but with tongs or pincers. Waste or scrap pieces of sodium should be placed in a bottle provided for the purpose and containing solvent naphtha or xylene they should never be thrown into the sink or into the waste box. If it is desired to destroy the scrap sodium, it should be added in small portions to rather a large quantity of methylated spirit. [Pg.143]

HaUde B.P. M.P.. 20 20 D 1 i. 4nUlde i i a-Naphtha- llde Alkyl 1 Mercuric i Halide S-Alkyl-ito- thiuronlum Picrate Picrate of Q-naphthyl ether... [Pg.293]


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Acetic Acid Synthesis via Butane or Naphtha Oxidation

Acidity naphtha

Aliphatic naphtha

Aliphatic petroleum naphtha

Arab Light naphtha

Aromatic hydrocarbons from naphtha reforming

Aromatic naphtha

Aromatics from naphtha

Aromatization catalyst deactivation light naphtha

Boiling range naphtha

Bromine index naphtha

Bromine number naphtha

Bulk light naphtha

Catalysis naphtha reforming

Catalyst naphtha reforming

Catalytic reactions naphtha reforming

Catalytic reforming of naphthas

Characteristics of Naphthas

Coal Naphtha

Coal hydrocrackate naphthas

Coke formation over naphtha

Coke formation over naphtha reforming catalyst

Color naphtha

Color stability naphtha

Commercial reactor yields, naphtha

Compatibility naphtha

Composition of naphtha

Corrosive properties naphtha

Cracked naphthas

Cracking naphtha yield

Crude naphtha

Distillation range naphtha

Economics of Naphtha Cracking

Emissions from Naphtha and LSWR Cracking

Emissions naphtha

Estimated parameters for the Naphtha time series

Ethylene naphtha

Ethylene selectivity, naphtha pyrolysis

Ethylene/Propylene Yield naphtha

Exemplary production network of Naphtha derivatives

FCC Naphtha

Feed naphtha

Feedstock naphtha

Fischer-Tropsch naphtha

Fossil fuels naphtha

Freezing point naphtha

Fuels naphtha

Gasoline Naphtha)

Gasolines and Naphthas

Heavy aromatic naphtha

Heavy cracked naphtha

Heavy crude naphtha

Heavy naphtha

Heavy straight run naphtha

High solvent naphtha

High-flash naphtha

Hydrocrackate naphtha

Hydrocrackate naphtha catalytic

Hydrogen production naphtha treatment

Hydrogenate steam cracked naphtha

Hydrotreated naphthas, reforming

Hydrotreating Gasoline/Naphtha

Hydrotreating naphtha

Isomerization of light naphtha

Light cracked naphtha

Light crude naphtha

Light naphtha

Light naphtha aromatization catalyst

Light naphtha catalysts

Light straight run naphtha

Liquid effluents naphtha

Loss functions for Naphtha consumption during pipeline inspection and their relation

Lower-boiling naphtha fractions

Methanol naphtha

Mid-Continent naphtha

Modified naphtha insolubles

Molecular weight Naphthas

Naphtha Butane pyrolysis

Naphtha Coal Tar

Naphtha Definition

Naphtha INDEX

Naphtha Quality

Naphtha Reforming Reactions

Naphtha Steam Reforming Kinetic Relationships

Naphtha acetic acid from

Naphtha analysis

Naphtha aromatics content

Naphtha aromatization catalyst

Naphtha atmospheric distillation unit

Naphtha benzene content

Naphtha blends, properties

Naphtha boiling point effect in catalytic

Naphtha catalytic reforming

Naphtha catalytic reforming, purpose

Naphtha chemicals from

Naphtha chlorine test

Naphtha commercial prices

Naphtha composition

Naphtha condenser

Naphtha corrosion

Naphtha crackers

Naphtha cracking

Naphtha cracking selectivity

Naphtha decomposition reactions

Naphtha density

Naphtha distillate

Naphtha distillation

Naphtha distillation curve

Naphtha economics

Naphtha evaporation rate

Naphtha feed prices

Naphtha feed, pyrolysis

Naphtha feedstocks, reformer

Naphtha flammability limits

Naphtha flash point

Naphtha fluid catalytic cracking

Naphtha fractions

Naphtha from Arabian light crude

Naphtha from coking

Naphtha from distillation

Naphtha from hydrocracking

Naphtha from refineries

Naphtha furan

Naphtha gas

Naphtha grades

Naphtha hydrocarbon types

Naphtha hydrocracking

Naphtha hydroprocessing

Naphtha hydrotreated

Naphtha isomerization

Naphtha isomerization Isomate process

Naphtha isomerization operating conditions

Naphtha lene

Naphtha mercury

Naphtha nitrogen

Naphtha olefins content

Naphtha oxidation

Naphtha oxygen

Naphtha paraffin/aromatic content

Naphtha physical properties

Naphtha presence

Naphtha price

Naphtha production

Naphtha properties

Naphtha properties, hydrotreating

Naphtha pyrans

Naphtha pyrolysis, modelling

Naphtha re-forming

Naphtha reformers atmospheres

Naphtha reforming

Naphtha reforming catalyst, coke

Naphtha reforming chemistry

Naphtha reforming process

Naphtha reforming using bifunctional

Naphtha reforming, catalytic chemistry

Naphtha reforming, catalytic commercial

Naphtha reforming, catalytic cyclic process

Naphtha reforming, catalytic octanizing process

Naphtha reforming, catalytic platforming process

Naphtha reforming, catalytic process

Naphtha reforming, catalytic process type

Naphtha removal

Naphtha solvent

Naphtha solvent power

Naphtha specifications

Naphtha splitter

Naphtha stability

Naphtha steam cracking

Naphtha steam reforming

Naphtha streams

Naphtha sulfur

Naphtha sulfur content

Naphtha sulphur content

Naphtha syncrude

Naphtha synthetic

Naphtha test methods

Naphtha toxicity

Naphtha treating

Naphtha utilization

Naphtha vapor pressure

Naphtha vapor, condensation

Naphtha viscosity

Naphtha volatility

Naphtha water

Naphtha with polyolefins

Naphtha yield

Naphtha, 102 (Table

Naphtha, Gasoline, and Solvents

Naphtha, Sulphur Compounds

Naphtha, continuous catalyst regeneration

Naphtha, hydrodesulfurization

Naphtha, hydroforming

Naphtha, production volume

Naphtha-Based Chemicals

Naphtha: Stoddard Solvent

Naphthas, hydroformed

Nitro-solvent-naphtha

Olefins naphtha

PETROLEUM NAPHTHA (aromatic

Painters naphtha

Petrochemical catalysts petrochemicals from naphtha

Petrochemical plant naphtha cracking

Petrochemicals naphtha

Petroleum Naphtha

Petroleum naphtha “reforming

Petroleum naphtha “reforming reaction

Petroleum refining naphthas

Pilot reactor testing of naphtha boiling

Platinum-rhenium catalysts catalytic reforming, naphthas

Price of Naphtha and Other Liquid Feed Stocks

Processed naphthas, compositions

Pyrolysis naphtha

Refined naphtha

Refined solvent naphtha

Reformer naphtha

Semiregenerative naphtha reformer

Shale naphtha

Solvent naphtha, nitrated

Specific gravity naphtha

Spotting naphtha

Steam cracking of naphtha

Steam hydrocarbon reforming naphtha

Steam naphtha

Steam reforming of naphtha

Straight mn naphtha

Straight-run naphtha

System methyl ethyl ketone-naphtha

System naphtha

TELURA®, naphthas

The Petroleum Naphtha Reforming Reaction

True boiling point naphtha

Upgrading Naphtha

VM P naphtha

Vacuum tower feed, naphtha

Varnish makers and printers’ naphtha

Vinegar naphtha

Virgin naphtha

Virgin naphtha feed

Wood naphtha

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