Heavy straight run naphtha

Naphtha is a generic term normally used in the petroleum refining industry for the overhead liquid fraction obtained from atmospheric distillation units. The approximate boiling range of light straight-run naphtha (LSR) is 35-90°C, while it is about 80-200°C for heavy straight-run naphtha (HSR). ... 

The economics of thermal reforming and hydroforming of sweet and sour heavy straight-run naphthas have been compared recently by McLaurin, McIntosh, and Kaufman (15). They concluded that the relative economics of the two processes were virtually the same for both feed stocks. 

Reforming heavy straight-run naphtha, thermal cracking of 56 per cent reduced crude to ultimate yield of gasoline. 

Heavy straight-run gasoline or naphtha Utilized primarily as catalytic reformer feedstock... 

Reforming Both thermal and catalytic processes are utilized to convert naphtha fractions into high-octane aromatic compounds. Thermal reforming is utilized to convert heavy naphthas into gasoline-quality aromatics. Catalytic reforming is utilized to convert straight-run naphtha fractions into aromatics. Catalysts utilized include oxides of aluminum, chromium, cobalt, and molybdenum as well as platinum-based catalysts. 

There are basically three processes in usage today for the production of hydrogen or ammonia synthesis gas Steam Reforming for the conversion of light hydrocarbons from natural gas to straight run naphthas Partial Oxidation for heavy hydrocarbons and coal and Electrolysis of Water. 

Commercial naphthas are complex mixtures of a large number of different isomers and are generally characterized by specific gravity and boiling curves (TBP curves or ASTM D86). The relevant properties of different straight run naphthas are reported in Table VIII. The sulphur content is usually lower than 2% and nitrogen is in the order of a few ppm. Light and heavy naphthas are... 

Catalytic HDT is a fundamental refining process for the upgrading of a wide variety of streams, ranging from straight-run naphtha to vacuum residue (VR) or even heavy and extra-heavy crude oils. The HDT process is commonly employed for... 

Heavy straight-run (HSR) naphtha gained from atmospheric distillation and from vacuum distillation, followed by thermal, catalytic, or hydrocracking, is fed into a catalytic reformer to become reformate. 

Atmospheric distillation also yields lower-boiling heavy straight-run (HSR) gasoline (or HSR naphtha). Often after hydrotreating, this fraction is processed further at the catalytic reformer. 

A light diesel fuel was produced by distillate hydrotreating of the straight-run Fe-HTFT material, while the heavier fraction was hydrocracked over a dewaxing catalyst, which produced a heavy diesel (Table 18.10). Some diesel fuel was also produced by C3-C4 olefin oligomerization over solid phosphoric acid by recycling the naphtha thus produced. It has previously been pointed out that solid phosphoric acid is not well suited for distillate production,42 and the hydrogenated... 

In naphtha and light distillate components, oxygen-containing compounds appear as carboxylic acids and phenols. Most of these compounds concentrate in the kerosene, fuel oil, and lighter lubricant fractions. Straight-run gasoline, heavy distillates, and residual fuels usually contain few acids. 

Coking is a thermal process for the continuous conversion of heavy, low-grade oils into lighter products. The feedstock can be reduced crude, straight-run residua, or cracked residua, and the products are gases, naphtha, fuel oil, gas... 

On the w hole. these analyses show that gas oil steam cracking produces fewer light produas than the treatment of naphtha, and more heavy products which display a higher aromatics content. Hence the Cj- 200 C cut boosts the BTX (Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes) (majority benzene concentration. Similarly, fuel oil (fraction above 200 C) displays a more pronounced aromatic character. This feature makes it incompatible with straight-run distillation fuel oils. The mixture causes the deposition of asphaltenes and other... 

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