Naphtha gas

Properties. The properties of naphtha, gas od, and H-od products from an H-coal operation are given in Table 7. These analyses are for Hquids produced from the syncmde operating mode. Whereas these Hquids are very low in sulfur compared with typical petroleum fractions, they are high in oxygen and nitrogen levels. No residual od products (bp > 540° C) are formed. 

Plant capacity, t/yr Ethane Propane Butane Naphtha Gas oil... 

Chemical feedstocks such as naphtha, gas oils, and gases ... 

Figure 11 Yield-Octane Relationship for Naphtha-Gas Reversion and Reforming of Straight-Run Gasoline...

Feedstocks for various industrial pyrolysis units are natural gas liquids (ethane, propane, and n-butane) and heavier petroleum materials such as naphthas, gas oils, or even whole crude oils. In the United States, ethane and propane are the favored feedstocks due, in large part, to the availability of relatively cheap natural gas in Canada and the Arctic regions of North America this natural gas contains significant amounts of ethane and propane. Europe has lesser amounts of ethane and propane naphthas obtained from petroleum crude oil are favored in much of Europe. The prices of natural gas and crude oil influence the choice of the feedstock, operating conditions, and selection of a specific pyrolysis system. 

Table I illustrates typical products obtained on pyrolyz-ing the relatively light feedstocks from ethane through butane, but significant variations occur because of the design and operating conditions employed with each light paraffin. The compositions of products obtained from naphthas, gas oils, and even heavier feedstocks differ to an even greater extent the compositions of these heavier feeds vary over wide ranges. Tables II and III report typical...

Mathematical models for the pyrolysis of naphthas, gas oils, etc. are relatively empirical. The detailed analysis of such a feedstock is essentially impossible, and all heavier feedstocks have a wide range of compositions. Such heavy hydrocarbons also contain a variety of atoms often including sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and even various metal atoms. Nevertheless, certain models predict the kinetics of pyrolysis, conversions, yields, etc. with reasonable accuracy and help interpret mechanistic features. 

Olefin production is achieved by pyrolysis of various feedstocks, ranging from light hydrocarbons (ethane, propane) to naphthas, gas oils and even crude oils. The variety of and change in the nature of available feedstocks due to new sources (e.g. off-gas from the North Sea) or to political problems, and the marked variation in prices and... 

Application To directly recover styrene from raw pyrolysis gasoline derived from steam cracking of naphtha, gas oils and NGLs using the GT-Styrene process. 

ABB Lummus Global Ethylene Ethane/propane/butane/ naphtha/gas oils Low capital cost, high efficiency/reliable/safe operation, SRT heaters 110 2000... 

Kellog Brown Root Ethylene Ethane/propane/butane/ naphtha/gas oils ALCET process combines low-capital separation and absorption methods, thus no refrigeration required 1 NA... 

Linde AG Ethylene LPG, Naphtha, gas oils and hydrocracker residue Highly selective furnaces thermally crack hydrocarbons and efficiently recover products 30 1996... 

LIGHT NAPHTHA FULL RANGE NAPHTHA GAS OIL VACUUM GAS OIL... 

This chapter considers the production and price of Uquid feedstock of interest to the petrochemicals industry. This mainly concerns naphtha, gas oils and residual fuel oils for both feedstock and energy. These feedstocks are produced by the primary operations in oil-refining. As a consequence many petrochemical complexes are juxtaposed to refineries. For other operations there is a large trade in the required materials and the feedstock can be purchased on the open market. 

In this chapter we consider some commercial routes and emerging technology for the production of olefins Irom coal. For the most part olefins are made from natural gas and crude oil derivatives - LPG, naphtha, gas oil or residual fuel oil. The cost of these feed-stocks are tied one way or another to the prevailing price of crude oil and the petrochemical operations have to bid for feedstock against the oil-refiners demand for them to produce transport fuels. For example, a major feedstock is ethane. In developed economies the price of ethane is directly linked to the prevailing price of crude oil or indirectly via the natural gas price, which is linked one way or another to the price of crude oil. 

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