Aromatic naphtha

Generally, the primary solvent is heavy aromatic naphtha (solvent naphtha, HAN) at 60 to 85% [e.g., Aromatic Solvent 110 or 150 (Texaco)]. 

Lorsban 4C Emulsifiable concentrate of 0.479 kg/L (4.0 Ib/gal) Solution in aromatic naphtha with emulsifiers... 

The term aliphatic naphtha refers to naphtha containing less than 0.1% benzene and with carbon numbers from C3 through Cie. Aromatic naphtha has... 

Benzol the general term that refers to commercial or technical (not necessarily pnre) benzene also the term nsed for aromatic naphtha. 

Douglas JE McKee RH, Cagen SZ, et al A neurotoxicity assessment of high flash aromatic naphtha. Toxicol Ind Health 9 1047-58, 1993... 

There was some indication that the presence of nontoxic oil in the emulsion caused a tendency toward selectivity. For example, a 10% emulsion of either methylnaphthalene or dimethylnaphthalene killed the greenhouse test plants with no selectivity. The addition of 20% nontoxic oil, however, greatly reduced the carrot injury without an apparent reduction in toxicity to the other species. Tests were conducted with water emulsions of highly phytotoxic naphthas which contained 75 to 85% aromatics and had boiling ranges of to 550 F. Excellent selectivity was obtained in some tests, but in other tests the emulsion gave severe injury to carrots. The results with emulsions of high aromatic naphthas were inconclusive. 

This gave me an idea. Suppose we injected a liquid spray into the front end of the compressor (we eventually used a heavy aromatic naphtha, obtained from a local refinery). This could prevent the deposits from sticking to the spinning wheels. We tried it, and it worked. Rotor fouling and the consequent vibrations, and loss of capacity, became far less frequent. 

BERGIUS PROCESS. Formation of petroleum-like hydrocarbons by hydrogenation of coal at high temperatures and pressures (e.g.. 450 C and 300 atm) with or without catalysts production of toluene by subjecting aromatic naphthas to cracking temperatures at 100 atm with a lovt partial pressure of hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. 

Acetone-benzol process a dewaxing process in which acetone and benzol (benzene or aromatic naphtha) are used as solvents. 

Asphaltene that fraction of petroleum, heavy oil, or bitumen that is precipitated when a large excess (40 volumes) of a low-boiling liquid hydrocarbon (e.g., pentane or heptane) is added to (1 volume) of the feedstock usually a dark brown to black amorphous solid that does not melt prior to decomposition and is soluble in benzene or aromatic naphtha or other chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents. 

Naphtha is divided into two main types, aliphatic and aromatic. Aliphatic naphtha is composed of paraffinic hydrocarbons and cycloparaffins (naphthenes), and may be obtained directly from crude petroleum by distillation. Aromatic naphtha contains aromatics, usually alkyl-substituted benzene, and is very rarely, if at all, obtained from petroleum as straight-run materials often reforming is necessary (Fig. 2). 

The feed to an aromatics complex is normally a C6+ aromatic naphtha from a catalytic reformer. The feed is split into Cg+ for xylene recovery and C7 for solvent extraction. The extraction unit recovers pure benzene as a product and C7+ aromatics for recycling. A by-product of extraction is a non-aromatic C6+ raffinate stream. The complex contains a catalytic process for disproportionation and transalkylation of toluene and C9+ aromatics, and a catalytic process for isomerization of C8 aromatics. Zeolitic catalysts are used in these processes, and catalyst selectivity is a major performance factor for minimizing ring loss and formation of light and heavy ends. The choice of isomerization catalyst is dependent on whether it is desired to isomerize ethylbenzene plus xylenes to equilibrium or to dealkylate ethylbenzene to benzene while isomerizing the xylenes. Para-selectivity may also be a desired... 

The PetroFCC process changes an FCC unit from a gasoline-producing device to a source of petrochemical feedstocks. It can provide both aromatic naphtha to an aromatics complex and light olefins to a polyolefins complex. Feedstock utilization can be further improved by recycling the raffinate by-product from BTX solvent extraction back to the PetroFCC reactor for conversion to light olefins. 

Solvents. Solvents are employed to ensure good application properties. Commonly used solvents are alcohols, aromatic naphthas, esters, glycol ethers, ketones, toluene and xylene. 

Measure 24.5 mL of solvent (i.e., heavy aromatic naphtha) into a 30-mL bottle. 

EC>8-EC16, using EPA RfDs (all the same value) for two compounds (cumene [isopropylbenzene] and naphthalene) as a surrogate and an RfC for C9 aromatics (hi-flash aromatic naphtha). 

Clark DB, Butterworth ST, Martin JG, et al. 1989. Inhalation toxicity of high flash aromatic naphtha. Toxic Ind Health 5(3) 415-428. 

For kauri-butanol values of 60 and higher, the standard is toluene, which has an assigned value of 105, whereas for kauri-butanol values less than 60, the standard is a blend of 75% n-heptane and 25% toluene, which has an assigned value of 40. The kauri-butanol value of products that are classified as regular mineral spirits normally varies between 34 and 44 xylene is 93, and aromatic naphtha falls in the range 55-108. 

Ketone, aliphatic, aromatic, naphtha, esters Water None... 

Crystals from heptane, mp 120-122°. Sol in acetone, benzene, toluene, ether, xylene, heavy aromatic naphtha. LD50 i.v. in rats 1.8 mg/kg, Tauberger, Ar-ch. Exp. Pathol. Phar-makot. 232, 227 (1957). 

Water N Si 1i cate Monamulse 653-C Heavy Aromatic Naphtha... 

UOPLLQA Honeywell Co. BTX aromatics Naphtha and condensate To produce reformate, which is concentrated in benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) from naphtha and condensate feedstocks via a high-severity reforming operation with a hydrogen byproduct. The CCR Platforming process is licensed by UOP 263 2010... 

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