Exemplary production network of Naphtha derivatives

To effectively execute chemical reactions, the involved reactants have to be provided in sufficient purity. Moreover, many chemical reactions result not only in one pure output product but in a mixture of output products. Thus, preparation and post production 

The most prominent thermic basic operation is the rectification or distillation to separate individual components from a mixture. For separation, the mixture is evaporated completely and successively cooled down. The components can be effectively separated if they have different boiling points or dew points, respectively. In the case of close boihng points for the components in the feed mixture, distillation is still applicable if an auxiliary chemical (so-called solvent) is available changing the boiling or dew points of at least one component (so-called fractional distillation) P 

Separation processes are designed and optimized for a specific mixture to be separated which determines e.g. the number and position of trays as well as the atmospheric conditions. Such processes are single-purpose plants for SIMO or SISO processes. The production rate often can be varied in certain ranges without causing serious variations of the separation accuracy. 

The distinction in reactions and basic operations to prepare and post-process chemical reactions is valid in most cases. However, there is a principal advantage to integrate both chemical process steps. Despite organizational and technical drawbacks, such an integration is physically and chemically advantageous due to more favourable energy balances. One example is the reactive distillation where chemical reactions take place inside the 

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Figure 2.3 Exemplary production network of Naphtha derivatives...

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