Heavy cracked naphtha

Chitnis, G.K., Richter, J.A., Hilbert, T.L., Dabkowski, M.J., Al Kuwari, I., A1 Kuwari, N., and Sherif, M. Commercial OCTGain s unit provides zero sulfur gasoline with higher octane from a heavy cracked naphtha feed. The NPRA Annual Meeting. San Antonio, TX, 2003. 

The base-load supply of butadiene is from olefins plants simply because butadiene is coproduced with the other olefins. There s not much decision on whether or not to produce it. It just comes out, but in a small ratio compared CO ethylene and propylene. Cracking ethane yields one pound of butadiene for every 45 pounds of ethylene cracldng the heavy liquids, naphtha or gas oil, produces one pound of butadiene for every seven pounds of ethylene. Because of the increase in heavy liquids cracldng, about 75% of the butadiene produced in the United States is coproduced in olefin plants. 

Table 7 shows the yield distribution of the C4 isomers from different feedstocks with specific processing schemes. The largest yield of butylenes comes from the refineries processing middle distillates and from olefins plants cracking naphtha. The refinery product contains 35 to 65% butanes olefins plants, 3 to 5%. Catalyst type and operating severity determine the selectivity of the C4 isomer distribution (41) in the refinery process stream. Processes that parallel fluid catalytic cracking to produce butylenes and propylene from heavy cmde oil fractions are under development (42). 

Commercial operations are typically once-through at coil-outlet temperatures of 1050-1100°F. and pressures of 350 to 450 p.s.i.g., using 2 to 3 lb. of catalyst per barrel of feed. When processing heavy stocks, naphtha may be included in the feed to ensure complete vaporization, said to be essential for best results. The catalyst employed at Sarnia consists of natural and activated clay that has been previously used for contact treatment of lubricating oils. The catalyst is filtered from the liquid fuel oil, or tar, produced in the process and is normally discarded. Use of the catalyst permits continuous operations to be carried out at much more severe cracking conditions than could be otherwise employed. Erosion is... 

Cresylic Acids. Cresylic acids, or petroleum phenols, are obtained from cracked distillates, such as heavy catalytic naphtha and cracked heating oil. They usually exist in these distillates in amounts up to about 0.2% and are removed by extraction with a 10 to 40% sodium hydroxide solution (77). The extract is subsequently steamed, then... 

API. 1987a. Acute inhalation toxicity evaluation of a petroleum derived hydrocarbon in rats - API 84-02 and API 85-01 with heavy thermal cracked naphtha, with cover letter dated 05/19/87. Project no. 22235-14. Washington, DC. American Petroleum Institute. 

Heavy hydrotreated naphtha (petroleum). See Naphtha, hydrotreated heavy Heavy mineral oil. See Mineral oil Heavy naphtha. See Naphtha Heavy normal paraffins concentrate (petroleum) Heavy normal paraffins (petroleum). See Paraffins, normal C5-20 Heavy oil. See Creosote oil Heavy paraffinic distillate, solvent extract. See Paraffin distillate Heavy spar. See Barium sulfate Heavy thermal cracked petroleum distillate. See Petroleum distillates, heavy thermal cracked Heazlewoodite. See Nickel subsulfide HEBMP. See Ethanolaminebis (methylenephosphonic acid)... 

Calculation of the heavy crack-fiiel mass flow (flow 9) and of the required flow of naphtha (flow 1) ... 

Trade Names Containing BYK -054 Dapro DF 880 Naphtha, heavy aromatic CAS 64742-94-5 EINECS/ELINCS 265-198-5 Synonyms Hans solvent Heavy aromatic bottoms Heavy aromatic naphtha Heavy aromatic naphtha solvent Heavy aromatic petroleum solvent Heavy aromatic solvent naphtha Heavy aromatic solvent naphtha (petroleum) Petroleum distillates, intermediate catal ic cracked (Polyethyl) benzenes Solvent naphtha, heavy aromatic Solvent naphtha (petroleum), heavy aromatic Classification Petroleum hydrocarbon... 

Properly speaking, steam cracking is not a refining process. A key petrochemical process, it has the purpose of producing ethylene, propylene, butadiene, butenes and aromatics (BTX) mainly from light fractions of crude oil (LPG, naphthas), but also from heavy fractions hydrotreated or not (paraffinic vacuum distillates, residue from hydrocracking HOC). 

Catalytic Processes. A second group of refining operations which contribute to gas production are the catalytic cracking processes, such as fluid-bed catalytic cracking, and other variants, in which heavy gas oils are converted into gas, naphthas, fuel oil, and coke (5). 

The principal sources of feedstocks in the United States are the decant oils from petroleum refining operations. These are clarified heavy distillates from the catalytic cracking of gas oils. About 95% of U.S. feedstock use is decant oil. Another source of feedstock is ethylene process tars obtained as the heavy byproducts from the production of ethylene by steam cracking of alkanes, naphthas, and gas oils. There is a wide use of these feedstocks in European production. European and Asian operations also use significant quantities of coal tars, creosote oils, and anthracene oils, the distillates from the high temperature coking of coal. European feedstock sources are 50% decant oils and 50% ethylene tars and creosote oils. 

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