Solvent power naphtha

Sulfur compounds are most commonly removed or converted to a harmless form by chemical treatment with lye. Doctor solution, copper chloride, or similar treating agents (Speight, 1999). Hydrorefining processes (Speight, 1999) are also often used in place of chemical treatments. When used as a solvent, naphtha is selected for its low sulfur content and the usual treatment processes remove only sulfur compounds. Naphtha, with its small aromatic content, has a slight odor, but the aromatics increase the solvent power of the naphtha and there is no need to remove aromatics unless odor-free naphtha is specified. 

KAURI-BUTANOL VALUE. A measure of the aromatic content and hence the solvent power of a hydrocarbon liquid Kauri gum is readily soluble in butanol but insoluble in hydrocarbons. The kb value is Ihe measure of the volume of solvent required to produce turbidity in a standard solution containing kauri gum dissolved in butanol. Naphtha fractions have a kb value of about 30. and toluene about 105. 

THINNER. A hydrocarbon (naphtha) or oleoresinous solvent (turpentine) used to reduce the viscosity of paints to appropriate working consistency usually just before application. In this sense, a thinner is a liquid diluent, except that it has active solvent power on the dissolved resin. 

The test method for the determination of aniline point and mixed aniline point of hydrocarbon solvents (ASTM D-611, IP 2) is a means for determining the solvent power of naphtha by estimating of the relative amounts of the various hydrocarbon constituents. It is a more precise technique than the method for kauri-butanol number (ASTM D-1133). 

The kauri-butanol value (ASTM D-1133) is the number of milliliters of the solvent, at 15°C (TT F), required to produce a defined degree of turbidity when added to 20 g of a standard solution of gum kauri resin in n-butyl alcohol. The kauri-butanol value of naphtha is used to determine relative solvent power. 

Short oil alkyd resins require special solvent mixtures for each area of use. Principal solvents include aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., xylene), solvent naphtha fractions, and glycol ethers. Lower alcohols, even in small amounts, have a powerful viscositylowering effect. The choice of solvent depends on the solvent power for the resins and the application method. The last solvent to evaporate during drying must be a true solvent for the binders because otherwise the paint film becomes opaque or inhomogeneous. 

Solvent cements are generally produced by removing the milled elastomer from the mill and dissolving it in solvent. This cutting of the rubber into a solvent is accomplished in low-speed mixing equipment known as chums or in a variety of high-speed, heavy-duty mixers. For natural rubber and SBR, solvents such as toluene, hexane, or naphtha are commonly used. For nitrile, neoprene, and other polar polymers, polar solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), or chlorinated solvents may be used, alone or in blends with the nonpolar solvents. The blend of solvents finally used by the adhesive producer will depend not only on solvent power, but on the relative rates of evaporation which control drying time. The dissolved rubber can then be blended with whatever additives are needed to obtain the desired adhesive performance. 

For our experiment we will be using Mimosa hostilis root-bark to provide a very pure product of NN-DMT without the over powering influence of 5-MeO-DMT or the negative side effects of 5-OH-DMT. For a solvent we will be using common naphtha. Notes on adaptations for chemicals and other variations of this process are described as well. The following is a list of materials ... 

Petroleum solvents (also called naphtha) are valuable because of their good dissolving power. The wide range of naphtha available and the varying degree of volatility possible offer products suitable for many uses. 

The variety of applications emphasizes the versatility of naphtha. For example, naphtha is used in paint, printing ink, and polish manufacturing and in the rubber and adhesive industries, as well as in the preparation of edible oils, perfumes, glues, and fats. Further uses are found in the dry-cleaning, leather, and fur industries and in the pesticide field. The characteristics that determine the suitability of naphtha for a particular use are volatility, solvent properties (dissolving power), purity, and odor (generally the lack thereof). 

Distler, Blecher Lopex Explosives were patented safety expls consisting of nitro-xylenes as chief constituents. The nitro compds had varying amts of cumol, mesitylene xylene nitro constituents mixed with AN, other nitrates or KClOg or metal oxides. For example, if 12 parts nitrated solvent naphtha are intimately mixed with 88 parts of AN, a very insensitive expl is produced, which is unaffected by either shock or percussion which does not explode at 200° or in an open flame, but which has an extremely powerful shattering effect when suitably detonated Ref Colver (1918), p259... 

The lower-boiling fraction of the neutral oil is a very powerful solvent, particularly for coatings containing coal tar and pitch. The material also is a source of unsaturated compounds, such as indene and, in a lesser amount, coumarone and homologues of these compounds. Resins are formed in situ from these compounds when solvent naphtha is treated with Friedel-Crafts type catalysts. See also Friedel-Crafts Reaction. These resins are useful in the manufacture of inexpensive floor tiles and coatings. The remaining solvent is recovered by distillation and used as a solvent. 

The explosive power of trinitroethylbenzene is rather low, so the compound itself is of no value. However, it is one of the chief components of liquid nitro-solvent-naphtha, and is sometimes used as an ingredient in the preparation of explosive mixtures. 

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