Naphtha physical properties

The feedstocks used ia the production of petroleum resias are obtaiaed mainly from the low pressure vapor-phase cracking (steam cracking) and subsequent fractionation of petroleum distillates ranging from light naphthas to gas oil fractions, which typically boil ia the 20—450°C range (16). Obtaiaed from this process are feedstreams composed of atiphatic, aromatic, and cycloatiphatic olefins and diolefins, which are subsequently polymerized to yield resias of various compositioas and physical properties. Typically, feedstocks are divided iato atiphatic, cycloatiphatic, and aromatic streams. Table 2 illustrates the predominant olefinic hydrocarbons obtained from steam cracking processes for petroleum resia synthesis (18). 

Analytical Approaches. Different analytical techniques have been appHed to each fraction to determine its molecular composition. As the molecular weight increases, complexity increasingly shifts the level of analytical detail from quantification of most individual species in the naphtha to average molecular descriptions in the vacuum residuum. For the naphtha, classical techniques allow the isolation and identification of individual compounds by physical properties. Gas chromatographic (gc) resolution allows almost every compound having less than eight carbon atoms to be measured separately. The combination of gc with mass spectrometry (gc/ms) can be used for quantitation purposes when compounds are not well-resolved by gc. 

A wide variety of liquid products are produced from petroleum, that varying from high-volatile naphtha to low-volatile lubricating oil (Guthrie, 1967 Speight, 1999). The liquid products are often characterized by a variety of techniques including measurement of physical properties and fractionation into group types (Chapter 7). 

Some selected chemical and physical properties of naphthalene are given in Table I. Naphthalene is very slightly soluble in water but is appreciably soluble in many organic solvents, e.g.. 1.2,3,4-tctrahydronaphthalene, phenols, ethers, carbon disulfide, chloroform, benzene, coal-tar naphtha, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, and decahydronaphthalene. 

Physical Properties and Spectral Characteristics of Naphtha[ 1,8-bc]thiete and Its S-Oxides (34-36)... 

Correlative methods have long been used as a way of dealing with the complexity of various petroleum fractions, including naphtha. Relatively easy to measure physical properties such as density (or specific gravity) (ASTM D-2935 ASTM D-3505, ASTM D-4052) are also required. Viscosity (ASTM D-88, ASTM D-445, ASTM D-2161, IP 71), density (ASTM D-287, ASTM D-891, ASTM D-941, ASTM D-1217, ASTM D-1298, ASTM D-1555, ASTM D-1657, ASTM D-2935, ASTM D-4052, ASTM D-5002, IP 160,... 

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES white solid in flake, cake, or powder form aromatic odor odor of moth balls very soluble in ether, hydronaphthalenes, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, and in fixed and volatile oils very slightly soluble in water miscible with phenols, ethers, chloroform, benzene, coal-tar naphtha, acetone, and decadronaphthalene MP (80°C, 176°F) BP (218°C, 424°F) DN (1.162 gW at 20°C) SG (1.16) ST (31.8 dynes/cm... 

Applied Spectroscopy 53, No.5, May 1999, p.557-64 COMPARISON OF NEAR-INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NAPHTHA Min-Sik Ku Hoeil Chung SK Corp. 

Physical properties Rubber VM P Naphtha HT VM P Naphtha EC Mineral spirits 135 Mineral spirits 145EC... 

Blending components used in the Auto/Oil Study were obtained from various streams from current refinery configurations. They include FCC gasolines, reformates, straight run naphtha, alkylates and isomerate. Table 3 shows the compositional analysis and physical properties of these blending stocks. 

Naphtha VM P 98 45 8 Little change in physical property measurements Zytel 151L " 98 45 8 " Zytel 151L DuPont... 

Naphtha Various volatile and often flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixtures used as solvents and diluents consists mainly of hydrocarbons with higher boiling point than gasolines and lower boiling point than kerosene principal component of chemical dispersants used prior to 1970. Naphthenes Class of hydrocarbons with similar physical and chemical properties to alkanes insoluble in water, generally boil at 10-20°C higher than corresponding carbon number alkanes. Narcosis Stupor or unconsciousness produced by chemical substances. 

Example 5.2 Assume that a typical hydrocarbon naphtha liquid from a fractionation tower-side cut stream is to be cooled to 150°F. The naphtha stream enters the air cooler at 250°F at a flow rate of 273,000 lb/h. The physical tube-side properties at the average temperature of 200°F are ... 

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