Naphtha distillation

Thermal Cracking. In addition to the gases obtained by distillation of cmde petroleum, further highly volatile products result from the subsequent processing of naphtha and middle distillate to produce gasoline, as well as from hydrodesulfurization processes involving treatment of naphthas, distillates, and residual fuels (5,61), and from the coking or similar thermal treatment of vacuum gas oils and residual fuel oils (5). 

Figure 1 shows a simplified flow plan for a typical hydroskimming refinery. The atmospheric pipestill performs the initial distillation of crude oil into gas, naphtha, distillates, and residuum. The naphtha may be separated into gasoline blending stock, solvents, and Powerformer feed. The distillates include kerosene, jet fuel, heating oil and diesel oil. The residuum is blended for use as bunker fuel oil. 

Wilson WF Toxicology of petroleum naphtha distillate vapors. 7 Occup Med 18 821, 1976... 

This process is used to produce light gases, naphtha, distillate fuel, heavy fuel oil, and petroleum coke by cracking heavy residual products such as atmospheric and vacuum resids. Both delayed coking and fluid coking processes are utilized. 

Sulfur can be found in most all petroleum fractions. In naphtha, distillates and some lube fractions, sulfur is a component of carbon and hydrogen containing molecules. In heavier fractions, sulfur may be bound in asphaltene and resin matrices in combination with nitrogen and oxygen. The organosulfur compounds present in most fuels are either thiols, sulfides or thiophenes. 

In the process (Figure 9-22), fresh vacuum residuum, microcatalyst, and hydrogen are fed to the hydroconversion reactor. Effluent is sent to a flash separation zone to recover hydrogen, gases, and liquid products, including naphtha, distillate, and gas oil. The liquid bottoms from the flash step is then fed to a vacuum distillation tower to obtain a 565°C (1050°F ) product oil and a 565°C + (1050°F+) bottoms fraction that contains unconverted feed, microcatalyst, and essentially all of the feed metals. 

Figure 5. The Amoco Easy-Hard kinetic model for resid hydrotreating. The reaction products are characterized by seven distinct lumps, the three feedstock species which are shaded in gray (resid hard, resid easy, and gas oil) and the four new components which are not shaded (gas, naphtha, distillate, and gas oil). The kinetic interconversion of these groups is described by the 14 constants (3).

Owing to the limited availability of the feedstocks, it was not possible to do parametric studies and then operate at a single set of conditions to provide a hydrocrackate naphtha. All of the hydrocrackate material from a given feedstock was combined, the naphtha distilled, and resultant unconverted mid-distillate subjected to second-pass hydrocracking. 

Shape selectivity was demonstrated by the separation of /i-paraffins from a naphtha distillate using a zeolite-CaA membrane [21]. The remaining fluid is enriched in branched parrafins and has a high octane number. 

The number of potential hydrocarbon isomers in the naphtha boiling range (Tables 4.1 and 4.2) renders complete speciation of individual hydrocarbons impossible for the naphtha distillation range, and methods are used that identify the hydrocarbon types as chemical groups rather than as individual constituents. 

NAPfflD (1338-24-5) see naphthenic acid. NAPHTHA or NAPHTHA, COAL TAR or NAPHTHA, COAL TAR, HEAVY DISTILLATE or NAPHTHA DISTILLATE (8030-30-6) see coal tar naphtha. 

NAPHTHA DISTILLATE (8030-30-6) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 100°-107°F/37°-42°C). Violent reaction with strong oxidizers. Incompatible with strong acids, nitrates. May attack some plastics, rubber, and coatings. 

NAPHTA (DOT) NAPHTHA DISTILLATE NAPHTHA PETROLEUM NAPHTHA, SOLVENT PETROLEUM BENZIN PETROLEUM DISTILLATES PETROLEUM ETHER PETROLEUM NAPHTHA PETROLEUM SPIRIT SKF.T.T.Y-.SOT.VF.-F VM PNAIHTHA... 

Coal tar acids Coal tar cresols. See Cresylic acid Coal tar naphtha Coal tar naphtha distillate. See Naphtha... 

CAS 8030-30-6 68920-06-9 64742-95-6 (It. aromatic) 977126-64-9 UN 1255 (DOT) UN 1256 (DOT) UN 1270 (DOT) UN 2553 (DOT) Synonyms Benzin Benzine Coal tar naphtha Coal tar naphtha distillate Heavy naphtha Hydrotreated naphtha Naphtha coal tar Naphtha, heavy Naphtha, hydrotreated Naphtha, petroleum Naphtha, solvent Petroleum benzin Petroleum-derived naphtha Petroleum distillates (naphtha) Petroleum ether Petroleum naphtha Petroleum oil Petroleum spirit VM P naphtha Definition Petroleum distillate... 

Petroleum naphtha Distillation range F)lcctrical conductivity at 25 C Gvap. rate at 95 F (in min.) 5%... 

Pciroleum naphtha Distillation range Below 120 C Below 140 C Below 1S0 C Above 100 C... 

Petroleum naphtha Distillation range Below ISO C Below 182 C Below 188 0 Above 190 C Dryness at 20 C... 

Material streams for the heavy naphtha distillate (HNAPH), water from the reflux-drum decanter (CU-WATER), steam to the column base (CU-STM), and the bottoms (RCRUDE) are made in the normal way. 

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