Distillation range naphtha

The feedstocks used ia the production of petroleum resias are obtaiaed mainly from the low pressure vapor-phase cracking (steam cracking) and subsequent fractionation of petroleum distillates ranging from light naphthas to gas oil fractions, which typically boil ia the 20—450°C range (16). Obtaiaed from this process are feedstreams composed of atiphatic, aromatic, and cycloatiphatic olefins and diolefins, which are subsequently polymerized to yield resias of various compositioas and physical properties. Typically, feedstocks are divided iato atiphatic, cycloatiphatic, and aromatic streams. Table 2 illustrates the predominant olefinic hydrocarbons obtained from steam cracking processes for petroleum resia synthesis (18). 

Oxygenate refining was limited to chemicals recovery from the Fischer-Tropsch aqueous product and acidic isomerization of the C5-C6 naphtha. The naphtha and distillate range oxygenates were removed by hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) in hydrotreaters, before further refining. 

The term white distillate is applied to all the refinery streams with a distillation range between approximately 80 and 360°C (175 to 680°F) at atmospheric pressure and with properties similar to the corresponding straight-run distillate from atmospheric crude distillation. Light distillate products (i.e., naphtha, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel fuel, and heating oil) are all manufactured by appropriate blending of white distillate streams. 

The impact of the release of liquid products on the environment can, in part, be predicted from knowledge of the properties of the released liquid. Each part of an ocular liquid product from petroleum has its own set of unique analytical characteristics (Speight, 1999, 2002). Since these are well documented, there is no need for repetition here. The decision is to include the properties of the lowest-boiling liquid product (naphtha) and a high-boiling liquid product (fuel oil). For the properties of each product (as determined by analysis) a reasonable estimate can be made of other liquid products, but the relationship may not be linear and is subject to the type of crude oil and the distillation range of the product. 

The petroleum ether solvents are a specific-boiling-range naphtha, as is ligroin. Thus, the term petroleum solvent describes a special liquid hydrocarbon fraction obtained from naphtha and used in industrial processes and formulations (Weissermel and Arpe, 1978). These fractions are also referred to as industrial naphtha. Other solvents include white spirit, which is subdivided into industrial spirit [distilling between 30 and 200°C (86 to 392°F)] and white spirit [light oil with a distillation range of 135 to 200°C (275 to 392°F)]. The special value of naphtha as a solvent lies in its stability and purity. 

Cycle Oil. Heavier, distillate range compounds formed during FCC processing can accumulate within the FCC fractionator. The primary fraction is called light cycle oil (LCO) and contains high percentages of monoaromatic and diaromatic compounds plus olefins and heavier branched paraffins. Unhydrotreated LCO is often quite unstable and has a very low cetane number. For this reason, it is blended into diesel fuel in controlled amounts. Heavy cycle oil and heavy naphtha are additional side cuts that can be produced. These streams can be pumped around to remove heat from the fractionator, used to supply heat to other refinery units, or used as low-quality blendstock component. 

Podrebarac GG, Gildert GR. Catalytic distillation for desulfurization of full-range naphtha by thioetherification and hydrodesulfurization. WO 0266580, Catalytic Distillation Technologies, 2002. 

The number of potential hydrocarbon isomers in the naphtha boiling range (Tables 4.1 and 4.2) renders complete speciation of individual hydrocarbons impossible for the naphtha distillation range, and methods are used that identify the hydrocarbon types as chemical groups rather than as individual constituents. 

The evaporation rate is an important property of naphtha, and although there is a significant relation between distillation range and evaporation rate, the relationship is not straightforward. 

Cyclohexane is a petroleum product obtained by distilling C4- 400°F boiling range naphthas, followed by fractionation and superfractionation also formed by catalytic hydrogenation of benzene. It is used extensively as a solvent for lacquers and resins, as a paint and varnish remover, and in the manufacture of adipic acid, benzene, cyclohexanol, and cyclohexanone. 

Petroleum naphtha Distillation range F)lcctrical conductivity at 25 C Gvap. rate at 95 F (in min.) 5%... 

Pciroleum naphtha Distillation range Below 120 C Below 140 C Below 1S0 C Above 100 C... 

Petroleum naphtha Distillation range Below ISO C Below 182 C Below 188 0 Above 190 C Dryness at 20 C... 

Analysis Elemental C, S, H, O, N (typically 79-88% C 7-13% H up to 8% S 2-8% O up to 3% N). Trace metals Fe, Ni, V, Ca, Ti, Mg, Na, Co, Cu, Sn, Zn. Molecular mass typically M, = 500-2500. Acid number typically 0.1-2.8mg KOH per g. Distillation range ASTM D3279. Composition bitumen insoluble in paraffin naphtha (AASFITO T46 or ASTM D3279) bitumen soluble in carbon disulfide (ASTM D4). Purity solubility, ash, water content (ASTM D95). Softening point ASTM D36. Flash point ASTM D92. 

Naphtha—Any of several liquid mixtures of hydrocarbons of specific boiling and distillation ranges derived from either petroleum or coal tar. 

Mineral spirits (1927) (naphtha) n plural but singular or plural in construction. An ah-phatic-hydrocarbon fraction of petroleum evolved in the distillation range of about 150-200°C. An example is VM8cP naphtha , used as a diluent in organosols. It is a petroleum fraction with boiling range between 300 and 400°E Due to having a... 

Conversion units may employ a full-fledged fractionation train, with a preflash tower to remove light ends an atmospheric fractionator to separate light naphtha, heavy naphtha, middle distillates, and unconverted oil and a vacuum tower to maximize the recovery of diesel. Some hydrocrackers use the atmospheric tower to produce full-range naphtha, which is then separated into light and heavy fractions in a naphtha splitter. 

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