Gasoline Naphtha

Liquid Petroleum Tar kerosene diesel petrol fuel oil synthetic LPG gasoline naphtha pitch... 

FIGURE 4.11 Standard gas chromatograms for gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, JP-5 jet fuel, diesel fuel, and crude oil. 

No. 6 fuel oil (also called bunker C or residual fuel oil) is the residual from crude oil after the light oil, gasoline, naphtha. No. 1 fuel oil, and No. 2 fuel oil have been distilled. No. 6 fuel oil can be blended directly to heavy fuel oil or made into asphalt. It is limited to commercial and industrial uses where sufficient heat is available to fluidize the oil for pumping and combustion. 

Source Evaporation and/or dissolution of gasoline, naphtha, coal tar, and asphalt. 

Liquids with flash points below Gasoline, naphtha, benzol, and similar 55... 

Diesel oil gasoline naphtha kerosene gas oils light. < 230 <450 All S-1 ... 

Reforming Gasolines, naphthas High-octane gasolines, aromatics 850-1000°F 455-535°C Dehydrogenation, dehydroisomerization, isomerization, hydrocracking, dehydrocyclization... 

Step 1.2 involves separation of crude oil into volatile (<670°C) and nonvolatile fractions. On fractional distillation, the volatile part gives hydrocarbons containing four or fewer carbon atoms, light gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, etc. All these could be used as fuels for different purposes. From the point of view of catalysis, the modification of the heavier fractions to high octane gasoline is important. 

Petroleum Products Products obtained from the processing of crude oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liquids and other miscellaneous hydrocarbon compounds. Includes aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, naphtha-type jet fuel, kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, ethane, liquefied petroleum gases, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, paraffin wax, petroleum coke, asphalt and road oil, still gas and other products. 

Material boiling below 275°C is in the boiling range of gasoline, naphtha, and kerosine. 

Many industrial processes where hydrocarbons are used generate off gases containing vapors of hydrocarbons such as gasoline, naphtha, fuel, and solvents. If they are separated from the generated mixtures, these products constitute valuable chemical feedstock or fuel. However, if they are not separated, they become a source of environmental contamination. 

Gasoline (naphthas) 20-200°C (C5-CJ2 hydrocarbons used as motor fuels and industrial solvents)... 

As described earlier, the most common form of hydrocracking process is a two-stage operation. " " This flow scheme has been very popular in the many refineries where it is necessary to maximize the yield of transportation fuels and has the flexibility to produce gasoline, naphtha, jet fuel, or diesel fuel to meet seasonal swings in product demand. 

Desalted hot crude oil feed is sent to a preflash column where it is separated into gas, gasoline, naphtha, and topped crude as shown in Figure 9.5. Using column modules representation, determine the number of degrees of freedom for this operation. What specifications may be used to define the column performance The crude feed is of fixed composition and thermal conditions. The stripping steam thermal conditions are fixed, but its flow rate may be varied. The column pressure is independently fixed. 

Unvulcanized rubber is soluble in gasoline, naphtha, carbon bisulfide, benzene, petroleum ether, turpentine, and other liquids. 

Fluoroelastomers provide excellent resistance to oils, fuels, lubricants, most mineral acids, many aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (carbon tetrachloride, benzene, toluene, xylene) that act as solvents for other rubbers, gasoline, naphtha, chlorinated solvents, and pesticides. Special formulation can be produced to obtain resistance to hot mineral acids, steam, and hot water. 

C7-10 isoparaffin Coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil Epoxy resin 2-Ethyl-1-butanol . Gasoline Naphtha, hydrotreated light Naphtha, light alkylate Naphthenic oil Sodium chloride Sucrose distearate Tricaprin Water diluent agent, peroxide Dimethyl phthalate diluent monomer, adhesives Bis (4-vinyl oxy butyl) adipate Bis (4-vinyl oxy butyl) isophthalate Tris (4-vinyl oxy butyl) trimellitate... 

Crude oils are separated into components such as gasoline, naphtha, and fuel oils by distillation. H her weight petroleum compounds may be broken down to lighter fractions by heat in a process called thermal cracking or under the influence of catalysts (catalytic crack-... 

Doctor test n. Method for detecting the presence of mercaptan sulfur in gasolines, naphthas, and kerosenes. 

There is a correlation between the corrosion rate of the steel and the water concentration in the gasoline. A similar phenomenon was found in mixtures of naphtha and kerosene with water. The critical concentration of water in gasoline is 200 ppm, in naphtha it is 1000 ppm The general corrosion rate in the pure (without water) gasoline, naphtha and kerosene is 0.002-0.004 mm/year. Injection of the critical water content into gasoUne, naphtha and kerosene results in a drastic increase of the general corrosion rate to 0.6-0.8 mm/year. 

In 1859, Edwin L. Drake began drilling for oil near Titusville, Pennsylvania. Almost immediately, Drake s well produced oil, and this success encouraged other oil drillers to set down wells. In 1860, the first refinery was built by William Abbott and William Barnsdall at Oil Creek. Their batch operation produced gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, and bottom residuum. 

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