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DRIFTS

The term drift is used to describe mass transport of charged species driven by an electric field. The drift mass flux density is [Pg.60]

In biology, we are typically concerned with the study of electrostatic systems in which electromagnetic interactions are ignored and the electric field is the gradient of the electrostatic potential E = — V / . The differential equation for electrokinetic drift follows from Equation (3.45). [Pg.60]

1 Einstein relation relates molecular diffusivity and electrokinetic mobility [Pg.61]

In equilibrium the net particle flux is zero when drift and diffusion are the two active transport processes, tfift + f Fffmwn = o, or [Pg.61]

Ions move along the drift tube forced by the electric field gradient apphed to the tube. Depending on the strength of the electric field and the shapes and sizes of the ions, the ions will reach the ion collector at other end of the tube at different, but all very short (milliseconds), times. [Pg.114]

Theoretically, force (F, Newton) exerted on the ions resulting from the electrical held (E, volt) applied to a charged particle with a charge of q (Coulomb) is described [Pg.115]

An odd harmonic test [125, 580] was also proposed in the literature to check system linearity. [Pg.282]

In practice, there are often cases where impedance changes continuously with time. Such changes are observed in, for example, cases of active corrosion, fuel cell poisoning, and surface changes. In these cases, during the frequency sweep, each [Pg.282]


The continuous cleaning of the admission system by an additive contained in the gasoline will help maintain the setting at its optimum value and will prevent the engine operation from drifting from its original settings. [Pg.346]

To find explosives Gas analyzers, chromatography instruments, drift-spectrometers, neutron defectosopes, nuclear-magnetic and nuclear-quadrupole resonant instruments... [Pg.912]

Systems involving an interface are often metastable, that is, essentially in equilibrium in some aspects although in principle evolving slowly to a final state of global equilibrium. The solid-vapor interface is a good example of this. We can have adsorption equilibrium and calculate various thermodynamic quantities for the adsorption process yet the particles of a solid are unstable toward a drift to the final equilibrium condition of a single, perfect crystal. Much of Chapters IX and XVII are thus thermodynamic in content. [Pg.2]

This method suffers from two disadvantages. Since it measures 7 or changes in 7 rather than t directly, temperature drifts or adventitious impurities can alter 7 and be mistakenly attributed to changes in film pressure. Second, while ensuring that zero contact angle is seldom a problem in the case of pure liquids, it may be with film-covered surfaces as film material may adsorb on the slide. This problem can be a serious one roughening the plate may help, and some of the literature on techniques is summarized by Gaines [69]. On the other hand, the equipment for the Wilhelmy slide method is simple and inexpensive and can be just as accurate as the film balance described below. [Pg.114]

DRIFTS Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform Same as IR Same as IR... [Pg.317]

Vibrational Spectroscopy. Infrared absorption spectra may be obtained using convention IR or FTIR instrumentation the catalyst may be present as a compressed disk, allowing transmission spectroscopy. If the surface area is high, there can be enough chemisorbed species for their spectra to be recorded. This approach is widely used to follow actual catalyzed reactions see, for example. Refs. 26 (metal oxide catalysts) and 27 (zeolitic catalysts). Diffuse reflectance infrared reflection spectroscopy (DRIFT S) may be used on films [e.g.. Ref. 28—Si02 films on Mo(llO)]. Laser Raman spectroscopy (e.g.. Refs. 29, 30) and infrared emission spectroscopy may give greater detail [31]. [Pg.689]

Figure A3.5.7. Schematic diagram of a selected ion flow drift tube with supersonic expansion ion source. Figure A3.5.7. Schematic diagram of a selected ion flow drift tube with supersonic expansion ion source.
Several instniments have been developed for measuring kinetics at temperatures below that of liquid nitrogen [81]. Liquid helium cooled drift tubes and ion traps have been employed, but this apparatus is of limited use since most gases freeze at temperatures below about 80 K. Molecules can be maintained in the gas phase at low temperatures in a free jet expansion. The CRESU apparatus (acronym for the French translation of reaction kinetics at supersonic conditions) uses a Laval nozzle expansion to obtain temperatures of 8-160 K. The merged ion beam and molecular beam apparatus are described above. These teclmiques have provided important infonnation on reactions pertinent to interstellar-cloud chemistry as well as the temperature dependence of reactions in a regime not otherwise accessible. In particular, infonnation on ion-molecule collision rates as a ftmction of temperature has proven valuable m refining theoretical calculations. [Pg.813]

Dressier R A, Meyer H and Leone S R 1987 Laser probing of the rotational alignment of N drifted in He J. Chem. Phys. 87 6029-39... [Pg.822]

Duncan M A, Bierbaum V M, Ellison G B and Leone S R 1983 Laser-induced fluorescence studies of ion collisional excitation in a drift field rotational excitation of N in He J. Chem. Phys. 79 5448-56... [Pg.822]

Leone S R 1989 Laser probing of ion collisions in drift fields state excitation, velocity distributions, and alignment effects Gas Phase Bimolecular Collisions ed M N R Ashford and J E Baggett (London Royal Society of Chemistry)... [Pg.822]

McFarland M, Albritton D L, Fehsenfeld F C, Ferguson E E and Schmeltekopf A L 1973 Flow-drift technique for ion mobility and ion-molecule reaction rate constant measurements. I. Apparatus and mobility measurements J. Chem. Phys. 59 6610-19... [Pg.825]

Viehland L A and Robson R E 1989 Mean energies of ion swarms drifting and diffusing through neutral gases Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 90 167-86... [Pg.826]

For CW applieations of optieal-heterodyne eonversion, two laser fields are applied to the optoeleetronie material. The non-linear nature of the eleetro-optie effeet strongly suppresses eontimious emission relative to ultrashort pulse exeitation, and so most of the CW researeh earried out to date has used photoeonduetive anteimae. The CW mixing proeess is eharaeterized by the average drift veloeity t and earrier lifetime Xq of the mixing material, typieally... [Pg.1251]

For some experiments, it may be helpfiil to obtain a reference signal to correct for fluctuations and long-tenu drift in the pump laser. This correction is best accomplished by perfonumg simultaneous measurements of the... [Pg.1281]

The use of DRIFTS for the characterization of surfaces has to date been limited, but has recently been used for applications in fields as diverse as sensors development [12], soils science [13], forensic chemistry [14], corrosion [15], wood science [16] and art [F7]. Given that there is in general no reason for preferring transmission over difilise reflectance in the study of high-area powder systems, DRIFTS is likely to become much more popular in the near fiiture. [Pg.1781]

Benitez J J, Centeno M A, Merdrignac O M, Guyader J, Laurent Y and Odriozola J A 1995 DRIFTS chamber tor in situ and simultaneous study of infrared and electrical response of sensors Appl. Spectrosc. 49 1094-6... [Pg.1795]

Vreugdenhil A J and Butler I S 1998 Investigation of MMT adsorption on soils by diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy DRIFTS and headspace analysis gas-phase infrared spectroscopy HAGIS Appl. Organomet. Chem. [Pg.1795]

Lennard C J, Mazzella W D and Margot P A 1993 Some applioations of diffuse refleotanoe infrared Fourier transform speotrosoopy DRiFTS in forensio soienoe Analysis 21 M34-7... [Pg.1796]

Zeine C and Grobe J 1997 Diffuse refleotanoe infrared Fourier transform DRIFT speotrosoopy in the preservation of historioal monuments studies on salt migration Mikrochim. Acta 125 279-82... [Pg.1796]

When ions move under equilibrium conditions in a gas and an external electric field, the energy gained from the electric field E between collisions is lost to the gas upon collision so that the ions move with a constant drift speed v = KE. The mobility K of ions of charge e in a gas of density N is given in tenns of the collision integral by the Chapman-Enskog fomuila [2]... [Pg.2011]


See other pages where DRIFTS is mentioned: [Pg.294]    [Pg.10]    [Pg.588]    [Pg.570]    [Pg.798]    [Pg.799]    [Pg.800]    [Pg.805]    [Pg.805]    [Pg.809]    [Pg.810]    [Pg.822]    [Pg.1248]    [Pg.1311]    [Pg.1353]    [Pg.1354]    [Pg.1354]    [Pg.1473]    [Pg.1578]    [Pg.1780]    [Pg.1781]    [Pg.1786]    [Pg.1796]    [Pg.1808]   
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Academic drift

Aerosol Mobility and Drift Velocity

Ambipolar Drift Field Imagers

Anions drift

Antigenic drift

Aspirator Drift Tubes

Average Value of the Drift Velocity

Baseline Drift Compensation Strategies

Baseline correction drift

Baseline drift

Biological drift

Blue drift

Bubble drift velocity

Calibration drift

Carrier - diffusion drift velocity

Carrier drift length

Carrier mean drift velocity

Cations drift

Chain polymerization copolymer composition drift

Characterization DRIFT experiments

Charge drift mobilities

Charge drift, modulators

Chemical drift

Composition drift

Composition drift in emulsion co- and terpolymerisation

Compositional drift

Conditions, spray drift studies

Conformational drift

Conformational drift process

Constant velocity drift

Constrained Brownian motion drift velocities and diffusivities

Contamination spray drift samples

Continental drift

Cooling tower drift

Cooling towers drift from, control

Copolymerization composition drift

Copolymers chemical drift

Copolymers composition drift

Crystal, lithium drifted

Crystals drift

Cumulative drifts

Current drift speed

Current, electrical drift

DRIFT (diffuse reflectance infrared

DRIFT (diffuse-reflection Fourier-transform

DRIFT Analysis of Polyimide After UV Laser Irradiation

DRIFT Fourier transform

DRIFT Fourier transform spectroscopy

DRIFT analysis

DRIFT combination with frequency response

DRIFT drawback

DRIFT of Kapton After Thermal Decomposition

DRIFT spectra

DRIFT spectroscopy

DRIFT spectroscopy Subject

DRIFT spectroscopy technique

DRIFT technique

DRIFT technique activity

DRIFT technique properties

DRIFT technique stability

DRIFT transform

DRIFT transform spectroscopy

DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier

DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform

DRIFTS Kubelka-Munk equation

DRIFTS Quantitative analysis

DRIFTS accessories

DRIFTS artifacts

DRIFTS infrared Fourier transform

DRIFTS internal standards

DRIFTS particle size

DRIFTS reflectance

DRIFTS reflection infrared

DRIFTS sample preparation

DRIFTS sampling

DRIFTS spectrum representation

DRIFTS specular reflection

DRIFTS surface specificity

DRIFTS, analytical method

DRIFTS, analytical method Applications

Deposits drift residues

Depth profiling, analysis DRIFTS

Detector, lithium-drifted

Detectors drift

Detectors lithium drifted silicon

Detectors noise and drift

Detectors, HPLC drift

Difference spectrum using DRIFT

Diffuse Reflectance (DRIFTS)

Diffuse Reflectance FTIR (DRIFT) Spectroscopy

Diffuse Reflectance IR (Fourier Transform) Spectroscopy (DRIFT)

Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform DRIFT)

Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform DRIFT) infrared spectrometry

Diffuse reflectance IR Fourier transform DRIFT)

Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform DRIFT) studies

Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy, DRIFTS

Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy DRIFT)

Diffused reflectance IR Fourier transform spectroscopy DRIFTS)

Diffusion with drift

Downwind spray drift

Drift Condition Rating

Drift ISFET materials

Drift Scale Test

Drift Scale Test Yucca Mountain

Drift Scale Test heating phase

Drift Scale Test mechanical response

Drift Scale Test thermal responses

Drift Scale Test, Yucca

Drift Scale Test, Yucca heating phase

Drift Time (or Collision Cross Section) in Ion-Mobility Separation

Drift Tubes and Analyzer Development

Drift Tubes under Subambient Pressure

Drift and Conductivity

Drift and Hall Mobilities

Drift angle

Drift areas

Drift cell

Drift cell ion mobility—mass spectrometry

Drift cell resolving power

Drift chamber

Drift coefficient

Drift coefficient coordinates

Drift consequences

Drift control

Drift correction

Drift correction standard

Drift current

Drift current, charged molecule

Drift defined

Drift deposition model

Drift dispersion

Drift distance, before capture

Drift effect

Drift elimination

Drift eliminator

Drift factor

Drift field, electrostatic

Drift flux

Drift flux analysis

Drift flux curves

Drift flux models

Drift flux theory

Drift flux, calculation

Drift force

Drift gas inlet

Drift heterogeneity

Drift ice

Drift in the potential field

Drift instrument

Drift length

Drift length mass selectability

Drift limits

Drift method

Drift mobility dependence

Drift mobility process

Drift mobility table

Drift mobility transitions

Drift mode

Drift model

Drift momentum

Drift of a Drop in Complicated Cases

Drift of potential

Drift of the Isotope Ratios During Peak Elution

Drift plot, replicated

Drift problems

Drift profile

Drift rates, modulators

Drift reduction technology

Drift region

Drift region fragmentation

Drift selection

Drift source

Drift speed

Drift term

Drift time

Drift time, average

Drift tube

Drift tube cells

Drift tube cylindrical

Drift tube electric field strength

Drift tube ion mobility

Drift tube ion mobility spectrometry

Drift tube ion mobility spectrometry DT-IMS)

Drift under a Chemical-Potential Gradient Diffusion

Drift vector

Drift velocity

Drift velocity atmosphere

Drift velocity average values

Drift velocity field

Drift velocity vector

Drift velocity, electrically charged polymers

Drift velocity, pulse voltage method

Drift voltage

Drift wall boundary conditions

Drift zone

Drift, HPLC detector response

Drift, pesticide sprays

Drift, spiral wave

Drift, sprays/dusts

Drift-Diffusion

Drift-Limited Regime

Drift-controlled device

Drift-current density

Drift-diffusion equation

Drift-diffusion model

Drift-diffusion theory

Drift-dominated motion

Drift-off

Drift/mismatch

Drifted Bubbles from the Amphoteric Surface

Drifted random walks

Drifted species

Drifting

Drifting

Drifting distance

Drifting without direction

Drifts of the base line

Drifts, chemical sensors

Drill drift

Dusts drift

Dyes, analysis DRIFTS

E x B drift

Effective drift velocity

Effects of Drift and Shutter Fields in Performance

Electric fields drift

Electric fields positron drift

Electrical drift contribution

Electrical drift, molecular transport

Electrode drift problems

Electrode potential drift

Electrolyte solutes drift velocities

Electron actual drift velocities

Electron drift

Electron drift mobility

Electron drift velocity

Electrophoretic Component of the Drift Velocity

Energy drift

Environmental behavior, spray drift

Example coupled diffusion and drift in a membrane

External drift correction

FTIR micro DRIFTS

Failure analysis DRIFTS

Fast-drift plane

Fiber surface DRIFTS

Field Switching Inside Drift Tube

Field data spray drift studies

Field free drift region

Field free drift tubes

Fillers, analysis DRIFTS

Flow drift tube

Fluidization drift velocity

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy DRIFT

Fracture permeability Drift Scale Test

Frequency drift

Frequency drifts mixing

Frequency drifts stability

General Formulas for Capillary Force and Drift Velocity

Genetic drift

Genomic Drift

Glacial drift

Gradient copolymers compositional drift

Hermetic drift

High Field Asymmetric Drift Tubes

High composition drift comonomers

Hole drift mobility

Hole drift mobility field dependence

Hole drift mobility temperature dependence

Hole drift mobility, calculation

Hydrogen-induced drift

Hydrology Drift Scale Test

Hydroxide DRIFTS spectra

Impedance drift

In-situ DRIFT spectroscopy

Infrared spectroscopy DRIFTS

Infrared techniques (FTIR, DRIFTS)

Instrumental drift

Interferometer drift

Interstorey drift

Interstorey drift ratio

Ion drift

Ionic drift

Ionic drift under electric fields

Junction potential drift

Kalman filtering of a calibration line with drift

Kubelka DRIFT

Lakes wind drift

Light-induced drift

Lithium drifted germanium

Lithium drifted germanium detectors

Lithium drifted silicon

Long-term drifts

Magnetic field drift

Mass transport drift

Maximum peak interstory drifts

Measurements drift

Mobility, charge carrier drift

Mobility, drift

Molecular weight drifts

Movement with drift

Natural drift

Neutral drift

Neutral drift, selection compared

Noise and drift

Noise and drift management

Noise drift

Noise/drift calculations

North Atlantic Drift

Numerical drift

Numerical models Drift Scale Test

Organizational scope drift

Other Drift Tube Designs

Oxygen Drift

PH drift

PH-drift method

PTR-MS Drift Tube

Parameter drift

Permeability Drift Scale Test

Personal scope drift

Pesticide drift

Pesticides aerial drift

Phase drift

Plastic Drift Tubes

Polaron, drift

Population drift

Positron drift

Potential drift

Properties of Drift-Diffusion Process

Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry drift tube

Random Walks, Brownian Motion, and Drift

Research-Grade and Large-Scale Drift Tubes at Ambient Pressure

Resistance drift

Resonant drift

SAPOs DRIFT)

SSITKA-DRIFTS

Sand drift

Saturated drift velocity

Saturation drift velocity

Secondary drift

Secular drift

Selected Ion Flow Drift Tube

Selected Ion Flow Drift Tube SIFDT)

Selected ion drift tube

Self-induced drift

Sensitivity drift

Sensor Drift and Calibration Gas

Sensor drift

Short-term drifts

Signal drift

Silicon-drift-detectors

Single chain compositional drift

Solid-state drift chamber

Source drift region

Spectral drift, causes

Spectroscopic techniques DRIFTS

Spray Drift Task Force

Spray drift

Spray drift control

Spray drift potential

Spray drift research

Spray drift studies

Spray drift, environmental

Spray-drift additives

Spray-drift technique

Spraying drift data

Spurious drift

Spurious drift noise

Spurious drift term

Steady State with Drift and Diffusion

Stereochemical drift

Stratified drift

Study designs spray drift studies

Surface water, drift

System equation of a calibration line with drift

Tandem Drift Tubes in Mobility Spectrometry

Temperature Drift Scale Test

Temperature drift

Temperature drift, weighing

Temporal drift

The Fast Drift GRID

The Net Drift Velocity of an Ion Interacting with Its Atmosphere

The drift test

Thermal drift

Thermal drift problem

Thermocapillary Drift of a Drop

Thermocapillary drift velocity

Time drift spectroscopy

Time-dependent drift definition

Together and Drifting Apart

Transpolar Drift

Transport drift length

Traps trap limited drift mobility

Traveling Wave Drift Tubes

Twin Drift Tube

Vacancy drift

Van der Drift

Viscosity drift

Void drift

Wavelength drift

Waves longshore drift

Wind drift

Zero point drift

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