Noise and drift management

Ambient noise, acoustic and mechanical, represented major obstacles to obtaining atomic resolution during the pioneering days of STM. At the low-frequency end it was found that building modes (10-100 Hz) represented a 

Finally, it should be mentioned that electronic noise and drift impose limits on resolution, linearity, orthogonality, etc. Again these problems are dealt with in various ways by the different manufacturers, the details being outside the scope of this chapter. It would be fair to say that the most recent designs have largely overcome technical problems of this kind. 

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