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Drift source

Seismic Fragility of Aging Offshore Platforms, Table 2 Structural performance levels and damage, expressed in terms of drift (Source ASCE 2007)... [Pg.2863]

Figure A3.5.7. Schematic diagram of a selected ion flow drift tube with supersonic expansion ion source. Figure A3.5.7. Schematic diagram of a selected ion flow drift tube with supersonic expansion ion source.
If the distance from the ion source to the detector is d, then the time (t) taken for an ion to traverse the drift tube is given by Equation 26.3. [Pg.190]

In this mode, ions are formed continuously in the ion source (a), but the electrostatic accelerating potential is applied in pulses (b). Thus, a sample of ions is drawn into the drift region (c) with more ions formed in the source. As shown in Figure 26.1, the ions separate according to m/z values (d) and arrive at the detector (e), the ions of largest m/z arriving last. [Pg.194]

In a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer, ions formed in an ion source are extracted and accelerated to a high velocity by an electric field in an analyzer consisting of a long, straight drift tube. The ions pass along the tube until they reach a detector. [Pg.406]

In effect, the ions race each other along the drift tube, but the winners are always the ions of smallest m/z value, since these have the shortest flight times. The last to arrive at the detector are always those of greatest mass, which have the longest flight times. However, as in a race, for there to be a separation at the finish line (the detector), the ions must all start from the ion source at the same time (no handicapping allowed ). [Pg.406]

Biocides should not be present in water used for aquaculture. Sources of herbicides and pesticides are mnoff from agricultural land, contamination of the water table, and spray drift from crop-dusting activity. Excessive levels of phosphoms and nitrogen may occur where mnoff from fertilized land enters an aquaculture faciUty either from surface mnoff or groundwater contamination. Trace metal levels should be low as indicated in Tables 4 and 5. [Pg.20]

Inductively coupled argon plasma (icp) and direct current argon plasma (dcp) atomic emission spectrometry are solution techniques that have been appHed to copper-beryUium, nickel—beryUium, and aluminum—beryUium aUoys, beryUium compounds, and process solutions. The internal reference method, essential in spark source emission spectrometry, is also useful in minimizing drift in plasma emission spectrometry (17). Electrothermal (graphite... [Pg.68]

Short- and long-term drift in the spectral output can be caused by several factors drift in the output of the infrared light source or of the electronics, aging of the beam splitter, and changes in the levels of contaminants (water, CO2, etc.) in the optical path. These problems are normally eliminated by rapid, routine calibration procedures. [Pg.424]

In TOF-SIMS, the source of primary ions is pulsed at a rate of a few kHz. The pulse width is on the order of 1 ns. Secondary ions ejected from the sample surface are accelerated through a potential V and then drift through a field-free TOF analyzer with different velocities, depending on their masses. The drift velocity of an ion with charge-to-mass ratio zjm can be determined from the expression ... [Pg.296]

If LNG were released and cloud ignited the accident would be serious. If the cloud did not ignite on site but drifted to a populated area and then ignited, the number of casualties would be be much greater, Ignition sources are strictly controlled at the terminal so on-site ignition w a.s not considered... [Pg.435]

The distance traveled by a cloud of flammable vapor is site specific mid relies on several dispersion factors, wliich are discussed in Part 111 of this book. It is not likely tliat a vapor cloud would travel far in any industrial or urban area. In open areas wifli few sources of ignition, a vapor cloud may drift several miles. The time before ignition can range from 10 seconds to 15 minutes. [Pg.228]

The other source of possible drift or precipitation from cooling towers is caused by windage or blowout from... [Pg.532]

There are three different types of detector noise, short term noise, long term noise and drift. These sources of noise combine together to give the composite noise of the detector. The different types of noise are depicted in figure 3. [Pg.162]

In the Cape Basin region of the South Atlantic, polyethylene and polypropylene pellets were observed at concentrations of 1333-3600 pellets km (48). Since this area is far from any major shipping lane and is dominated oceanographically by the Antarctic West-Wind Drift with possibly some input from the Brazil Current, the source of the floating plastic was thought to be ships transporting the raw material in the South Atlantic (48). The weathered appearance of the pellets indicated that they had been adrift for an extended period and, therefore, carried long distances by the ocean currents. [Pg.232]

Genetic drift is alteration of allele frequencies in small populations by chance events. During times when large populations are reduced to small numbers of individuals, genetic variation is likely to be lost by chance. Genetic drift also occurs when a small number of individuals colonize a new region. The pioneers are unlikely to have all the alleles found in the source population and the frequencies of the ones they do have are likely to differ from those in the source population. [Pg.40]


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Source drift region

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