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Signals pathways

The abundance of many protein kinases in cells is an indication of the great importance of protein phosphorylation in cellular regulation. Exactly 113 protein kinase genes have been recognized in yeast, and it is estimated that the human genome encodes more than 1000 different protein kinases. Tyrosine kinases (protein kinases that phosphorylate Tyr residues) occur only in multicellular organisms (yeast has no tyrosine kinases). Tyrosine kinases are components of signaling pathways involved in cell-cell communication (see Chapter 34). [Pg.466]

The hormonal stimulation of adenylyl cyclase is effected by a transmembrane signaling pathway consisting of three components, all membrane-associated. Binding of hormone to the external surface of a hormone receptor causes a conformational change in this transmembrane protein, which in turn stimulates a GTP-binding protein (abbreviated G protein). G proteins are heterotrimeric proteins consisting of a- (45-47 kD), /3- (35 kD), and y- (7-9 kD) subunits. The a-subunit binds GDP or GTP and has an intrinsic, slow... [Pg.479]

There are some specific differences between the cubic and extended ternary complex models in terms of predictions of system and drug behavior. The first is that the receptor, either ligand bound or not bound, can form a complex with the G-protein and that this complex need not signal (i.e., [ARiG] and [RjG]). Under these circumstances an inverse agonist (one that stabilizes the inactive state of the receptor) theoretically can form inactive ternary complexes and thus sequester G-proteins away from signaling pathways. There is evidence that this can occur with cannabi-noid receptor [26]. The cubic ternary complex model also... [Pg.51]

Mellado, M., Rodriguez-Frade, J. M., Vila-Coro, A. J., Fernandez, S., MartindeAna, A., Jones, D. R., Toran, J. L., and Mardnez-Aet, C. (2001). Chemokine receptor homo- or heterodimerization activates distinct signaling pathways. EMBO J. 20 2497-2507. [Pg.197]

Adaptor proteins are multi-domain proteins (Fig. 1) that interact with components of signaling pathways [1]. As a consequence of these interactions, adaptor proteins are able to regulate signaling events within the cell, providing spatiotemporal control and specificity, and influencing how a cell responds to a particular stimulus. [Pg.15]

Grb-2 facilitates the transduction of an extracellular stimulus to an intracellular signaling pathway, (b) The adaptor protein PSD-95 associates through one of its three PDZ domains with the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor. Another PDZ domain associates with a PDZ domain from neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Through its interaction with PSD-95, nNOS is localized to the NMDA receptor. Stimulation by glutamate induces an influx of calcium, which activates nNOS, resulting in the production of nitric oxide. [Pg.16]

Receptor Strnctnre, Signaling Pathways Conpled to ARs, and AR Regnlation... [Pg.22]

The four mammalian ARs are members of the rhodopsin-like Class A family of GPCRs, which contain seven transmembrane helical domains ( TMs). Character istics of the four subtypes of the human ARs, length of their primary sequences, their chromosomal localization, and their signaling pathways are given in Table 1. The A2a receptor is considerably longer than the other three subtypes, due to its extended carboxy-terminal. [Pg.22]

Apelin receptors activate several signalling pathways including coupling through inhibitory G-proteins (G ) and Ras-independent activation of extracellular-regulated kinases (ERKs) via protein kinase C (PKC). The apelin receptor is one of number of G-protein-coupled receptors that can act as an alternative coreceptor for entry into cells of HIV and simian immunodeficiency vims (SIV) strains in human U87 cells expressing CD4 in vitro. Apelin peptides blocks entry of HIV but display different potencies, with apelin-36 being more effective than shorter sequences [3]. [Pg.204]

As described in the previous section, bile acids have evolved over the last years from regulators of bile acid homeostasis to general metabolic integrators. It is therefore not too surprizing that a number of bile acid-activated signaling pathways have become attractive targets for the treatment of gallstones and other metabolic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. [Pg.259]

Lustig B, Behrens J (2003) The Wnt signaling pathway and its role in tumor development. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 129 199-221... [Pg.309]

Cato AC, Nestl A, Mink S (2002) Rapid actions of steroid receptors in cellular signaling pathways. Sci STKE 2002 RE9. [Pg.393]

In general terms, cross talk refers to the interaction between signalling pathways, e.g. between pathways involving heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins and tyrosine kinase pathways. [Pg.397]


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Accelerated Fe-S switch by a signaling pathway

Analog-specific Kinases kinase-signaling pathways

Apoptosis and Cellular Signaling Pathways

Apoptotic signal transduction pathways

Apoptotic signaling pathways

Apoptotic signaling pathways calcium

Apoptotic signaling pathways ceramides

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway

Biosynthesis signal transduction pathway

Biotin signalling pathways

CAMP signaling pathway

CAMP/PKA signaling pathway

CD95 signaling pathways

Calcium signaling pathways

Calmodulin signaling pathways

Cell signaling pathways

Cell signaling pathways isoflavone activation

Cells signalling pathways

Cellular signaling pathway

Coupled signaling pathways

Cytokines signaling pathways

Developmental signaling pathways

Domain families GTPase-mediated signaling pathways

Domain families signaling pathways

ERK signaling pathway

Embryo signaling pathways

Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Estrogen receptor transduction signal pathway

Estrogen receptor-mediated signaling pathway

Estrogen signalling pathway

Eukaryotic Stress Response Signaling Pathways as Mechanistic Targets for Functional Foods

Evolution signal transduction pathways

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway

Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathway)

Fas signaling pathway

Fatty acid desaturation signalling pathways controlling

Function and Structure of Signaling Pathways

G-protein Coupled Signal Transmission Pathways

G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

G-proteins signaling pathway

GH Signaling Pathways Involving STAT Transcription Factors

GTPase, signaling pathway mediation

GTPases signalling pathways

General Function of Signal Pathways

Hedgehog signaling pathway

Hedgehog signalling pathway

Histamine signaling pathways

Hypoxia-regulated signal transduction pathways

Inflammation lipid signaling pathways

Inflammatory signaling pathways

Inhibitors of NFkB and Other Intracellular Signalling Pathways

Insulin signaling pathway

Insulin signalling pathways

Insulin/IGF signaling pathways

Intracellular signal transduction pathway

Intracellular signaling pathways

Intracellular signaling pathways, activation

JAK-STAT signaling pathway

JAK/STAT signalling pathway

Lymphocyte signal transduction pathways

MAP kinase signal transduction pathway

MAP kinase signaling pathway

Mechanotransduction signalling pathways

Mediated intracellular signaling MAPK pathway

Mediated intracellular signaling pathways

Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway

Modulation of redox signaling pathways

Mood disorders intracellular signalling pathways

NF-kB signalling pathway

NO-cGMP signaling pathway

Neuron signaling pathways

Neurotrophin receptors, signaling pathways

Neurotrophins signaling pathway

Nitric oxide signaling pathways

Nitric-oxide synthases signal transduction pathways

Notch signaling pathway

Novel signalling pathways

ORF74 Constitutively Activates Multiple Signaling Pathways in Different Cell Types

Optical Analysis of the Oxygen-Sensing Signal Pathway

Oxidative stress signaling pathway promoting

P-adrenergic signal transduction pathway

P38 MAPK signaling pathway

PI 3-kinase signaling pathway

Participation of the Transcriptional Co-Activator CBP in Several Signaling Pathways

Pathway signalling

Pathway signalling

Phosphatidylinositol signaling pathways

Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases signaling pathways

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathways

Phosphorylation signalling pathways

Plasma membrane-associated signaling pathways

Platelets signaling pathways

Pro-inflammatory signaling pathways

Protein kinases signal transduction pathways, study

RAS and the MAP Kinase Signaling Pathway

Ras signaling pathway

Reaction Signalling pathway

Receptor mediated signaling pathways

Receptor protein tyrosine kinases, signal pathways

Receptor tyrosine kinases signaling pathways

Redox signaling pathway

Redox signaling pathways, modulation

Regulation of signaling pathways

Retinoic acid signaling pathways

Signal Pathways Operated by Receptor Protein Tyrosine Kinase

Signal Transduction via the Two-component Pathway

Signal pathway-associated proteins

Signal pathway-associated proteins calmodulin

Signal transduction inflammation pathways

Signal transduction pathway zoospore

Signal transduction pathways

Signal transduction pathways chemical inhibition

Signal transduction pathways controlling morphogenesis and haematopoiesis

Signal transduction pathways mathematical modeling

Signal transduction pathways model

Signal transduction pathways organization

Signal transduction pathways shear stress

Signal transduction pathways through heterotrimeric G proteins transmission of hormonal and sensory signals

Signal transduction pathways through small monomeric G proteins

Signal transduction pathways---kinase inhibition

Signaling Pathways for Regulating Adipocyte Formation

Signaling pathway

Signaling pathway

Signaling pathway General functions

Signaling pathway General structure

Signaling pathway complications

Signaling pathway convergent

Signaling pathway crosstalk

Signaling pathway divergent

Signaling pathways binding, cell surface receptors

Signaling pathways protein kinase family

Signaling pathways protein tyrosine kinases

Signaling pathways tyrosine kinases

Signaling pathways within platelet

Signaling pathways, Effects

Signaling pathways, influence

Signaling pathways, modulation

Signaling stress pathways

Signaling transduction pathways

Signalling pathway regulation

Signals transduction pathways and

Smad signaling pathway

Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway

Sphingomyelin signalling pathway

Stem Cell Signaling Pathways for Migration, Proliferation, and Differentiation

Steroid hormone receptor Signaling pathway

Stress kinases signal transduction pathways

Structure of Signaling Pathways

Systems biology signal pathways

T cells signalling pathways

TGF-P Signaling Pathway

The Janus Family Tyrosine Kinases-Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription Signaling Pathway

The role of signaling pathways

Wnt signaling pathway

Wnt signalling pathway

Wnt signalling pathway, and

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