Extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway

J., Zhang, L., et al. (2003) The role of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway in mood modulation. J. Neurosci. 23, 7311-7316. 

Bajetto A, Barbero S, Bona via R, et al. (2001) Stromal cell-derived factor- lalpha induces astrocyte proliferation through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases A pathway J Neurochem 77 1226-1236... 

Vanhoutte P, Bamier JV, Guibert B, Pages C, Besson MJ, Hipskind RA, Caboche J. Glutamate induces phosphorylation of Elk-1 and CREB, along with c-fos activation, via an extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent pathway in brain slices. Mol Cell Biol 1999 19(1) 136-146. 

Apelin receptors activate several signalling pathways including coupling through inhibitory G-proteins (G ) and Ras-independent activation of extracellular-regulated kinases (ERKs) via protein kinase C (PKC). The apelin receptor is one of number of G-protein-coupled receptors that can act as an alternative coreceptor for entry into cells of HIV and simian immunodeficiency vims (SIV) strains in human U87 cells expressing CD4 in vitro. Apelin peptides blocks entry of HIV but display different potencies, with apelin-36 being more effective than shorter sequences [3]. 

Clark MJ, Harrison C, Zhong H, et al Endogenous RGS protein action modulates mu-opioid signaling through Galphao effects on adenylyl cyclase, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and intracellular calcium pathways. J Biol Chem 278 9418-9425, 2003... 

PKA and PKC are, however, not the only kinases to regulate TRPVl. The Ca /calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) sensitizes TRPVl by phosphorylation [57, 58], as does phophatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) via its downstream target AKT [59]. This latter finding links TRPVl to the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase) pathway. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src likewise potentiates capsaicin-induced currents [60]. 

Sulpice E, Bryckaert M, Lacour J, Confreres JO, Tobelem G. Platelet factor 4 inhibits FGF2-induced endothelial cell proliferation via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway but not by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Blood 2002 100(9) 3087-3094. 

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