Cells communication networks

Gschwind, A., Zwick, E., Prenzel, N., Lese-rer, M. and Ullrich, A. (2001) Cell communication networks epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation as the paradigm for interreceptor signal transmission. Oncogene, 20, 1594-1600. 

The necessary communication network in all chemotypes was based originally on exchangeable reduced available internal ions such as Mg2+ and Fe2+ and reduced organic chemicals, substrates and coenzymes, often linked to phosphate, and feedback and forth of information about cell conditions to and from the genetic central control. 

The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communications network consisting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets, these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees swarming around a hive. The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate, effective, and self-limiting. 

What is the analogy used to describe the communications network among the cells in the immune system ... 

Central Nervous System (CNS). The human nervous system is an integrated communication network that sends and receives information throughout the body. This network is divided into two main divisions central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is the command center of this network and is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The PNS is the interface of the nervous system with the rest of the body and the external environment. It is comprised of nerve fibers and small clusters of nerve cells known as ganglia. 

Those with less education may be at greater risk for developing AD. It is unclear why this may be so. One theory is that extensive education may cause nerve cells to produce a more highly branched interconnected communication network. This in turn may provide duplicate backup circuitry in the brain that prolongs normal brain functioning even as brain cells progressively die. 

The similarities between the cytoplasmic processes of bones cells and the stereocilia of hair cells are that they both (1) measure mechanical deformations (vibrations of a fluid domain), (2) communicate their measurement to a network, (3) do this with dendritic structures, (4) the dendrites of both cells are constructed of similar materials (e.g., actin and fimbrin) and (5) the initial signaling in both cases consists of opening ion channels. While the hair cells communicate their information to a network that feeds to the brain, the bones cells connect to a lower level network (CCN) with (potentially) local decision-making software. 

Silica optical fibers produced by the chemical vapor deposition of silicon intermediates are now revolutionizing communication networks. Photovoltaic cells based on silicon, again produced primarily by chemical vapor deposition processes are now important power generators for electrical and electronic devices. 

The concept of synaptic transmission postulates the release and subsequent recognition of specific chemical substances by adjacent cellular elements. In the central and peripheral nervous systems, neurons appear to form communication networks where the specificity of information transfer resides in the specific neurotransmitters and the appropriate receptors. Although large number of compounds have been suggested to be neurotransmitters, there seem to be no more than one or two expressed in any one cell type. Specificity appears to lie in the genetic expression of the enzymes necessary for the biosynthesis of each of the substances. 

All living cells are surrounded by one or several membranes. The membrane defines the cell as a living unit and separates the cell more or less from the surrounding it separates intracellular from extracellular domains. Developed organisms are comparable to cell states in which groups of cells are specialized for special functions and are connected through complex communication networks. Any disorder in the communication of such... 

Berezin, I., Huizinga, J.D., and Daniel, E.E. 1988. Interstitial cells of Cajal in the canine colon a special communication network at the inner border of the circular muscle. J. Comp. Neurol 273 42-51. 

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