Signal transduction pathways mathematical modeling

Mathematical models are widely applied in biosciences and different modeling routes can be taken to describe biological systems. The type of model to use depends completely on the objective of the study. Models can be dynamic or static, deterministic or stochastic. Kinetic models are commonly used to study transient states of the cell such as the cell cycle [101] or signal transduction pathways [102], whereas stoichiometric models are generally used when kinetics parameters are unknown and steady state systems is assumed [48, 103]. 

For signaling pathways, recent years have seen an increasing number of studies of specific pathways where mathematical modeling is applied to infer systems properties from the models. These applications include the mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-kinase pathways [14-16], apoptotic pathways [17-19], the Wnt/j6-Catenin [20], and the Janus kinase-signal transduction and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway [21], A regulatory network that has been studied intensively is the cell cycle [7, 22, 23]. 

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